The History of the Singer Sewing Machine - 1404 Words

| The Singer Sewing Machine | Historical Project Research | | Sarah Clark | 9/12/2010 | Engineering 1000 Instructor: Dr. Tzu-Yu Wang | The sewing machine is basically a textile machine. It is used for stitching together things such as fabric, paper, card, or other material with some type of thread. The sewing machine needed to be something that was functional and compact. It would need to be something that was simple to use and be able to sew faster and more efficiently then hand sewing was. Up until the time that the sewing machine was invented, women would spend great amounts of time sewing. Women would have to hand sew everything, clothing for themselves and their families as well as household items. Women†¦show more content†¦Some of those factors include needle type, thread type, what type of stitch it produces, some sort of device to form the specific stitch, and it had to have some type of support for the cloth. There also had to be a mechanism to allow one stitch to follow the previous one, a tension control and something to make sure the sewing machine did what it needed to in the correct sequence without error. Although engineering disciplines were not as defined as they are today. Several disciplines were involved in the creation of the sewing machine. Mechanical engineering was involved in the creation of the mechanical parts used to make the sewing machine do its job. Some sewing machines used a type of pulley system to function; textile engineers designed the rope used in this pulley system. Metallurgical engineers were involved in the process of developing the cast iron used for the sewing machine itself as well as the decorative legs on home sewing machines. In addition, once electricity was introduced, electrical engineers were used to create the wiring system. The sewing machine greatly changed the way our society functions. Without the sewing machine, the world would be a very different place. Like the car, the cotton gin and countless other innovations from the past 300 years, the sewing machine takes something time-consuming and laborious and makes itShow More RelatedThe Impact of the Invention of the Sewing Machine on America Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Sewing Machine on America The large number of practical and useful inventions brought forward during the time leading up to and including the period known as the Industrial Revolution had a significant impact on both American society and the world. The transition that took place resulted in reliance on mechanical sources of power/energy rather than the traditional human or animal sources to produce the products needed (Hackett, 1992). 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India s Foreign Policy Decision Making - 2203 Words

Introduction Being a land locked country surrounded by India and China, situated along the southern slopes of the Himalayas Nepal feels interference of India in her domestic politics and in foreign policy making which indicates determinants of her foreign policy are not amply helpful and capabilities of her foreign policy rather renders Nepal an absurd fear-psychosis position against India keeping her long away from world politics for hundreds of years. Her geo strategic location makes her vulnerable and dependent on India. Their foreign policy decision making pivots the two next door neighbors having geo political constraints. Given that there is China-preference in their sentiment, however, Nepal acts like a puppet in India’s hands in her decision making. Nepal is one of the best examples of being restrained by God given geo-demographic, geo-positional, socio-cultural realities. Albeit, Nepal succeeds in preservation of autonomy, protection of national sovereignty, territoriality, mainte nance of rule of laws, preservation of human rights and equality, building friendship with neighbors, bringing foreign currency to boost up economy and keeping rising position in the central Asia. Foreign Policy Choices of Nepal If we focus on the foreign policy choices of Nepal we find geographic interference in her policy making. If geographical realities are domestic compulsions, Sino-Indian relation is the most significant external outcome in the foreign policy of Nepal. The TibetShow MoreRelatedNarendra Modi : A Vision Of Reshaping Indian Economy1196 Words   |  5 Pagesits eyes set on the way Mr. Narendra Modi leads and governs India. But has he been able to live up to his trailer’s expectations? Let’s take a walk through his trailer – â€Å"the election campaign† andjudge for ourselves, â€Å"ache din aaengey ya nhi†. 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Night Creature Dark Moon Chapter Thirty Free Essays

â€Å"Let’s take this one day at a time,† Nic said. A good idea. Lord knew what tomorrow might bring. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Thirty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nevertheless, I was disappointed. Where once sex with no strings hadn’t sounded bad, now it no longer sounded good. Nic lifted my tangled hair from my neck and pressed his lips to the sensitive skin at the curve. Or maybe it did. â€Å"For years I thought you were dead. Now I’m so scared you might end up that way, I can’t sleep at night.† Not exactly a declaration of everlasting love, but it was something. â€Å"I don’t kill easily,† I murmured. â€Å"Maybe I should sleep in here from now on.† His mouth drifted lower, hovering just above mine. â€Å"Maybe you should.† I lifted onto my toes and kissed him. He tasted both familiar and new, the past and the present in just one man. Everything I knew of sex and love, I’d learned from him. I wanted him now as I’d wanted him then, loved him the same, if not more. Could I hope again for a future only to have it snatched away? Was it better to dream the impossible than never to dream at all? Regardless of what tomorrow brought, we had tonight. I planned to make the most of every opportunity. Hooking my ankle around his, I tumbled us onto the bed. We fell in a heap of limbs and new clothes with me on top. Nic laughed, and I stared down into his face. â€Å"What?† His laughter faded, leaving a puzzled smile in its wake. â€Å"I haven’t heard you laugh like that since – † I broke off. â€Å"Stanford?† I shrugged. â€Å"I don’t laugh much anymore. Life without you hasn’t been very funny.† With me wasn’t going to be too ha-ha, either. He touched my cheek. â€Å"Stop.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"Thinking so much.† He slipped his hand around the back of my neck and tugged. â€Å"Come here.† I went gladly, touching my lips to his. But when I tried to deepen the kiss, he wouldn’t let me, instead making the embrace more tranquil than arousing, more gentle than passionate. That single kiss, which went on and on, moved me more than the sex ever had. â€Å"Elise!† Edward slammed the door, and I scrambled off Nic as if I were fifteen years old instead of twenty-nine. He appeared in the doorway, lifting his brows at the sight of my tangled hair and twisted sweater. I smelled smoke – he had taken care of the body in the woods – then his gaze went past me to Nic, and he grimaced before turning away. â€Å"Kitchen,† Edward snapped. I turned to see what had annoyed him this time and had to hide a smirk. Nic might have been kissing me gently, but he still had a hard-on that was clearly visible beneath his jeans. â€Å"If he thinks he’s going to force me out of town again,† Nic said, â€Å"I’m going to kick his bony ass, then shoot him. With silver, just to be sure.† I started to laugh, then I choked as a thought hit me, sending a nasty chill from head to toe. â€Å"Stay here,† I said, and followed Edward into the kitchen. He’d set a package on the table – my research, thank goodness. One less thing to worry about. On to the next. I crossed the room, hesitating as I neared him. Could I shoot Edward? He could certainly shoot me. I touched his arm. He jerked back, nearly knocking over a chair in his haste to get away. But it was enough. I glanced at Nic, who had followed despite my orders. When our eyes met, I shook my head and he lowered his hand from his weapon. I took comfort from the knowledge that he would have shot Edward if I couldn’t. â€Å"You thought I was bitten?† Edward asked. I shrugged. â€Å"Better safe than sorry. You have been acting odd lately.† â€Å"How can you tell?† Nic muttered, earning a glare from Edward. â€Å"I would shoot myself if I was infected.† â€Å"You know damn well if you were bitten you wouldn’t be you anymore,† I said, â€Å"you’d be them. Or us. Whatever.† â€Å"Don’t you have an antidote?† Nic asked. â€Å"Only if the victim is injected before the first change.† â€Å"A concoction that would be more useful,† Edward pointed out, â€Å"if it did not spoil within twenty-four hours of mixing it.† In that moment I understood that nothing I ever did would be enough for him. And suddenly, I didn’t really care. â€Å"Getting back to our present troubles,† Edward continued briskly. â€Å"I did not know this Basil Moore.† â€Å"Why would you know him?† Nic asked. â€Å"To be a traitor, to know some of the things our enemies now do, the culprit would have had to be one of us once.† â€Å"Rogue agent,† I supplied. â€Å"Once Jger-Suchers, until fired by Edward for inappropriate behavior.† â€Å"What kind of nutcase do you have to be to get ousted from a monster-hunting society?† â€Å"I have rules.† Edward sniffed. â€Å"If they are not followed, out you go. If you are lucky.† Unlucky people disappeared. Many former J-S agents were adrenaline junkies. They couldn’t give up the danger, or hold down a regular job, so they went hunting on their own. After searching out and destroying monsters most of mankind didn’t even know about, it was kind of hard to adjust to life as a librarian. â€Å"But since Basil was not one of us,† Edward reiterated, â€Å"he could not be a traitor, though he may have bought information from one who is.† â€Å"And now we’ll never know, because someone killed him,† I said. â€Å"A werewolf, not a someone,† Edward pointed out. â€Å"Now tell me what you have learned about witchie wolves.† Lydia’s book lay on the table. Nic picked it up and started paging through as I filled Edward in. â€Å"Have you spoken with Jessie’s lover?† Edward asked. â€Å"Why do you call him that? He has a name.† â€Å"What is it again?† I rolled my eyes. He knew damned well what Will’s name was. † ‘Witchie wolves sleep in the sun until ,’ † Nic read. Edward and I glanced at each other, then at Nic. â€Å"And what do they plan to do under the ?† I frowned. â€Å"What’s a ?† â€Å"I have never heard that term before,† Edward said. â€Å"We should really call Will.† â€Å"Wait.† Edward went into the hallway and came back with his briefcase. He pulled out an electronic device I’d never seen before. â€Å"Speaker phone?† Nic asked. â€Å"Of a kind. This is a prototype. Not only can those we call hear all of us, but it magnifies the other line so we can hear them.† Edward was provided with the latest technology from the U.S. government – usually double-nought spy stuff like this. â€Å"It will be easier to discuss the case, ja?† † Ja,† I said. â€Å"I mean yes.† Edward hooked the contraption to the phone line, then dialed Jessie’s number. â€Å"This had better be good,† she answered, the slur in her voice making me glance at my watch. midnight. Why was she asleep? â€Å"We need to have a conference,† Edward said. â€Å"Set the phone on a flat surface so we might hear both you and your – â€Å" He broke off, glanced at me, scowled and muttered, â€Å"Cadotte.† â€Å"My Cadotte? Well, he is kind of mine.† The phone clunked once. ‘Okay. Go ahead.† â€Å"How up-to-date are they?† Edward asked. â€Å"Werewolf in human form biting the dead, disappearing bodies, invisible ghost wolves – â€Å" â€Å"Whoa!† Jessie interrupted. â€Å"I never heard anything about ghost wolves.† The rustle of sheets preceded Will’s voice. â€Å"Are you talking about witchie wolves?† â€Å"We think so.† â€Å"They’re supposed to live – well, not live exactly, exist, I guess – on the shores of Lake Huron.† â€Å"Apparently they don’t know that, because they’re here.† â€Å"Fascinating,† he murmured. â€Å"Off he goes,† Jessie said. â€Å"Computer Boy to the rescue.† â€Å"Hold on, Will,† I ordered. â€Å"Have you ever heard of the ?† â€Å"No,† Will said. â€Å"Where did you hear it?† â€Å"In a book Lydia gave us. ‘Witchie wolves sleep in the sun until the .’ Mean anything?† â€Å"Not yet.† Sounds of a computer turning on, booting up, came over the line. This prototype phone was pretty cool. Tap-tap-tap. â€Å"There’s an Ojibwe expert on witchie wolves,† Will said. â€Å"He doesn’t live too far from here. He wrote a book.† Nic turned the cover so I could read the title. † Witchie Wolves of the Great Lakes by Raymond Banks?† â€Å"That’s the one. He’s very knowledgeable about obscure legends. I’ll head over and talk to him in the morning.† â€Å"Can’t you call him?† Jessie asked. â€Å"Send a fax? How about E-mail?† Will coughed. â€Å"He lives in a cave, doesn’t he?† â€Å"Wigwam.† â€Å"Same difference,† she said. â€Å"Why can’t your people step into the twenty-first century?† â€Å"Most of us did, and it wasn’t all that different from any other.† Silence ensued. I felt compelled to fill it, so I told them all we’d learned about the mystery in Fairhaven. â€Å"The witchie wolves come to power under the dark moon.† Will tapped on the computer some more. â€Å"Then their army rules all until the end of days.† â€Å"I always get nervous when the end of days comes up,† Jessie said. â€Å"Armageddon. Apocalypse.† Edward sighed. â€Å"I have thwarted a hundred of them.† â€Å"Let’s make it a hundred and one,† Nic said. â€Å"Another werewolf army,† Jessie muttered. â€Å"Can’t they find a new tune?† â€Å"Why?† I wondered. â€Å"When the old one plays so well.† â€Å"If the witchies are the brave new army,† Will continued, â€Å"you could be in big trouble if you don’t find out who plans to command them before the deed is done.† â€Å"We always are,† I said. â€Å"Whatever happened to the totem you found in Montana?† Everyone went silent. â€Å"It’s gone,† I said. â€Å"Not sure where.† Edward scowled. â€Å"I had pocket issues. Sue me.† â€Å"Let’s not worry about the totem now,† Will interjected. â€Å"You haven’t needed it since the first time.† Who knows? – maybe I hadn’t even needed the icon then. Nevertheless, I wished I had the thing in my possession or at least knew who did. But if wishes were horses, et cetera, et cetera. â€Å"I’ll talk to Mr. Banks in the morning.† â€Å"We’ll talk to him, Slick. Together.† â€Å"He may not speak freely with a stranger there.† â€Å"You’re a stranger.† â€Å"We’re of the same tribe. Never strangers.† â€Å"Whatever.† â€Å"You could head back,† Will suggested. â€Å"They might need you in Fairhaven.† â€Å"I’m not letting you traipse off alone to meet some guy we don’t even know. He could turn into anything. Sheesh, you think I’m an idiot?† I glanced at Nic to find him staring at the copy of the victims’ list we’d taken from the sheriff’s office. In all the excitement, I’d forgotten about it. â€Å"We have a list of the victims,† I announced. â€Å"Why didn’t you say so?† Jessie asked. â€Å"Read them out. Will can probably find something.† Nic was already booting up Jessie’s laptop. He cracked his knuckles and winked at me. This sudden, yet familiar, lighter side of him was almost as fascinating as the darker, sexy side. â€Å"It’ll only take me a minute. You wouldn’t believe what the FBI can find out about people.† â€Å"I’d believe it,† Will muttered. Will had been an activist before he was a Jger-Sucher. His name was on a whole lot of watch lists. The FBI’s certainly. While Nic clattered away, I checked my research. Not only were my formulas and notes on a disc, but there was an emergency dose of serum, which was going to come in handy far too soon. I pocketed the vial, just as Nic murmured, â€Å"Hello.† â€Å"What?† Jessie, Will, and I asked at the same time. Edward merely waited. â€Å"All the people who’ve disappeared owned their own homes, businesses, or a plot of land in Fairhaven.† â€Å"Each victim owned a part of the town?† Jessie asked. â€Å"And they died for it. Why?† Nic typed in a few more words, then squinted, straightened, and said, â€Å"Uh-oh.† â€Å"What is ‘uh-oh’?† Edward demanded. â€Å"I hate ‘uh-oh.’ â€Å" â€Å"Fairhaven was built on top of an Ojibwe burial ground.† â€Å"There are more graves than the one where we found the sheriff and Cora?† I asked. â€Å"According to this, the greatest concentration of bodies is in a ravine right outside of town.† I’d been to that ravine, along with Lydia and Basil. Coincidence? Nah. From the glance Nic threw my way, he didn’t think much of the coincidence, either. â€Å"Why arc so many bodies buried there?† Nic murmured. â€Å"Because rather than bury them individually,† Will spat, â€Å"they tossed everyone into a hole. Much easier that way, and really, why spare the time for some Injuns?† â€Å"Massacre?† Jessie asked. â€Å"Probably.† Will sounded disgusted. I couldn’t blame him. â€Å"At least we know why the witchie wolves are here,† Will continued. â€Å"We do?† I glanced at Nic, who shrugged. â€Å"They protect the burial mounds of warriors from desecration.† â€Å"What desecration?† I asked. â€Å"I don’t see any turned-up earth or ancient bones dragged around.† â€Å"To buy their graves, to own the land – which isn’t for sale – is desecration enough.† â€Å"Everything’s for sale, Slick. Get used to it.† â€Å"You can’t buy the earth. Or purchase a bird, a stone, a tree.† â€Å"He gets like this sometimes,† Jessie muttered. â€Å"Give him a minute, he’ll find the right century.† â€Å"Building a Pizza-Rama, or a Super-Mart, or a Gas-and-Dough on someone’s grave†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Will paused. â€Å"They were just asking for it.† â€Å"Oh, yeah,† Jessie said. â€Å"Begging.† Will ignored her. â€Å"You’ve theorized that the bite of a werewolf in human form causes the dead to shift into ghost wolves.† He began to type again, talking at the same time. â€Å"The theory makes even more sense if the victims are doomed to protect that which they have desecrated.† â€Å"And the punishment shall fit the crime,† Nic murmured. â€Å"But if they’ve desecrated an Ojibwe burial ground, wouldn’t it follow that the murderer is – â€Å" â€Å"Ojibwe,† Will finished. â€Å"Well, yeah.† â€Å"We’re back to Lydia again,† I said. â€Å"Why would she give us a book on witchie wolves if she was raising them?† Nic asked. â€Å"The book is pretty vague.† â€Å"Ojibwe legends often are,† Will agreed. â€Å"Which is why the werewolves use them, Slick. They can easily manipulate vague into evil.† â€Å"Except Lydia isn’t a werewolf,† I felt compelled to point out. Silence settled over us, broken only by the clatter of Will’s fingers on the keyboard. â€Å"I can’t find anything concrete about the , but I’m betting it’s when the moon is darkest, or new. Since tomorrow night is the full moon, we’ll have two weeks before the witchie wolf army gains power.† â€Å"Then we’ve got plenty of time to figure out what they’re planning,† I said. â€Å"Who knows, we could even stumble over the werewolf tomorrow night, blow his brains out, and be home free.† Both Edward and Nic turned a bland gaze on me. â€Å"I know.† I sighed. â€Å"Like that’ll happen.† How to cite Night Creature: Dark Moon Chapter Thirty, Essay examples

Ethan Frome Fantasy is an Escape from Winter Essay Example For Students

Ethan Frome: Fantasy is an Escape from Winter Essay Ethan Frome, the title character of Edith Whartons tragic novel, lives in his own world of silence, where he replaces his scarcity of words with images and fantasies. There is striking symbolism in the imagery, predominantly that of winter which connotes frigidity, detachment, bleakness and seclusion. Twenty-eight year old Ethan feels trapped in his hometown of Starkfield, Massachusetts. He marries thirty-four year old Zeena after the death of his mother, in an unsuccessful attempt to escape the silence, isolation, and loneliness of life (Lawson 71). Several years after their marriage, cousin Mattie Silver is asked to relieve Zeena, a gaunt and sallow hypochondriac, of her household duties. Ethan finds himself falling in love with Mattie, drawn to her youthful energy, as, The pure air, and the long summer hours in the open, gave life and elasticity to Mattie (Wharton 60). Ethan is attracted to Mattie because she is the antithesis of Zeena. While Mattie is young, happy, healthy, and beautiful like the summer, Zeena is seven years older than Ethan, bitter, ugly and sickly cold like the winter (Lewis 310). Zeenas strong, dominating personality emasculates Ethan, while Matties feminine, effervescent youth makes Ethan feel like a real man. Contrary to his characteristic passiveness, he defies Zeena in Matties defence, You cant go, Matt! I wont let you! Shes Zeenas always had her way, but I mean to have mine now - (Wharton 123). To Ethan, Mattie is radiant and energetic. He sees possibilities in her beyond his trite life in Starkfield, something truly worth standing up for. Her energy and warmth excite him and allow him to escape from his lonely, monotonous life. While Zeena is visiting an out of town doctor, Ethan and Mattie, alone in the house, intensely feel her eerie presence. The warmth of their evening together is brought to an abrupt end by the accidental breaking of Zeenas prized dish. Zeenas fury at the breaking of an impractical pickle dish exemplifies the rage she must feel about her useless life. That the pickle dish has never been used makes it a strong symbol of Zeena herself, who prefers not to take part in life (Lawson 68-69). Ethans response to Zeenas rage was silence. Just as Ethan lives in silence, so too does his wife. The total lack of communication between the silent couple is a significant factor in Ethans miserable marriage. Ethan kept silent in his dealings with his wife, to check a tendency to impatient retort he had first formed the habit of not answering her, and finally thinking of other things while she talked (Wharton 72). Zeena is the cold and ugly reality from which Ethan tries to escape in his dreams of a life with Mattie. He is happy only when imagining his life with Mattie. The night that they are alone, hepretends that they are married. Often when they are together, he fantasizes that Zeena is dead and that he and Mattie live togetherin blissful devotion. Ethan deludes himself because, as a prisoner of circumstance, his only escape is illusion. His happiness in the company of Mattie is the product of a self-deception necessitated by his unhappy marriage to Zeena, the obstacle to a life long relationship with Mattie. After the night of the broken dish, Ethan and Mattie finally articulate their feelings for each other, and are forced to face the painful reality that their fantasies can not come true:The return to reality was as painful as the return to consciousness after taking an anaesthetic. His body and brain ached with indescribable weariness, and he could not think of nothing to say or do that should arrest the mad flight of the moments (Wharton 95). .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1 , .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1 .postImageUrl , .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1 , .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1:hover , .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1:visited , .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1:active { border:0!important; } .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1:active , .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1 .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1a3dee195135e28b8a099a08206cfdc1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ray Bradburys Outlook Of The F EssayZeena herself, from an oppressive reality, had faded into an insubstantial shade (Wharton 39). Her hypochondria is her outlet, just as Ethans world of fantasy is his. It her obsession with her health is adventurous in contrast to her monotonous marriage (McDowell 66). Sickly Zeena is able to manipulate her husband using her frail health to justify her bitter personality. When she Zeena spoke it was only to complain (Wharton 72). Ethan and Mattie attempt to preserve their happiness and remain together the only way they can, in death. At this point, Mattie inadvertently becomes the cause of Ethans tragic suffering. The aborted suicide attempt leads to their tragic fate, living a life of physical suffering, so badly injured that former invalid, Zeena is forced to care for them. If shed Mattied ha died, Ethan might ha lived (Wharton 181). It is horribly ironic that, as a result of the accident, Mattie, the source of Ethans earlier joy, is now an additional trial in an already depleted life. Where Ethan was once uplifted by virtue of Matties being, he is now burdened by her very presence. Tragically, time only accentuated his suffering instead of alleviating it. After suffering so long with the sickly Zeena, Ethan now has to exist with the horribly deformed remains of a once beautiful, sensitive, and loving girl. Once again surrendering himself to the forces of isolation, silence, darkness, cold, and death-in-life (McDowell 68). The setting for Ethan Frome is winter. Edith Wharton, the author, chose winter as a theme because it symbolizes the emotional and physical isolation, cold, darkness, and death that surround Ethan. Similarly, the name of the town Starkfield is symbolic of Ethans arid life. Stark denotes the harsh winters causing barren, lifeless landscape, with lifeless and devastated people (Howe 113). The narrator notes this connection; During the early part of my stay I had been struck by the climate and the deadness of the community (Wharton 8). Wharton emphasizes the rigor of life in a harsh land with its rocky soul, its cold winters, and its bleak, desolate beauty (McDowell 65). Wharton writes:The snow had ceased, and a flash of watery sunlight exposed the house on the slope above us in all its plaintive ugliness. The black wraith of a deciduous creeper flapped from the porch, and the thin wooden walls, under their worn coats of paint, seemed to shiver in the wind that had risen with the ceasing of the snow (20). The downtrodden image painted in this quotation describes the environment, as well as describing Ethan. Just as his house was once new and beautiful but is now torn by many harsh winters in Starkfield, so to was Ethan. The ravages of winter destroy both mans will to survive and the buildings he constructed to shield him from this environment. As the narrator explains, I had a sense that his Ethans loneliness was not merely the result of his personal plight, tragic as I guessed that to be, but had in it the profound accumulated cold of many winters (Wharton 15). The description of the weather is also used to foreshadow events and set the mood. Once Ethan and Mattie decide to take their lives, as if to suggest that something will go wrong, the sky is described as, swollen with clouds that announce a thaw, hung as low as before a summer storm (Wharton 167). This is just one of many times in the novel when the climate is used to indicate foreboding events. The weather imagery is used in character development and depiction. After the accident, He Ethan seemed a part of the mute melancholy landscape, an incarnation of its frozen woe, with all that was warm and sentient in him fast bound below the surface (Wharton 14). When Mattie first arrives in Starkfield, her presence is perceived as, a bit of hopeful young life, like the lighting of a fire on a cold hearth (33). In contrast to Matties radiant warmth, Zeena is described as wintery and unappealing:She Zeena sat opposite the window, and the pale light reflected from the banks of snow made her face look more than usually drawn and bloodless, sharpened the three parallel creases between ear and cheek, and drew querulous lines from her thin nose to the corners of her mouth (64). .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd , .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd .postImageUrl , .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd , .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd:hover , .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd:visited , .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd:active { border:0!important; } .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd:active , .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe7c5f56601491c7acc545d9359b7abd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gun Control misc6 EssayIn view of his miserable life, the reader can well understand Ethans need to escape into a fantasy world of warmth and love. The pervasiveness of the winter imagery evokes in the reader a sense of the bitter solitude, silence, desolation, and despair ultimately felt by each of the three main characters. Their tragic lives are overshadowed by gloom and hopelessness, in much the same way that winter stunts the growth and vitality of natures creations. Works CitedHowe, Irving. Edith Wharton: A Collection of Critical Essays. New York: Prentis Hall, 1962. Lawson, Richard H. Edith Wharton. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1977. Lewis, R.W.B. Edith Wharton A Biography. New York: Harper Row, Publishers, 1975. McDowell, Margaret. Edith Wharton. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1976. Wharton, Edith. Ethan Frome. New York: Charles Scribeners Sons, 1911.

Arthur Conan Doyle Essays

Arthur Conan Doyle Essays Arthur Conan Doyle Essay Arthur Conan Doyle Essay Notable example of Arthur Conan Doyles use of pathetic fallacy is in the story The Adventure of the Speckled Band, Before Sherlock Holmes arrived at Stoke Moran Mansion, the atmosphere was described as immaculate and flawless as possible, a quote from the passage is We drove for four or five miles through the lovely surrey lanes, it was a perfect day, with a bright sun and a few fleecy clouds in the heavens. The trees and wayside hedges were just throwing out their first green shoots, and the air was full of the pleasant smell of the moist earth, When they arrived at Stoke Moran it was described as, The building was of grey, lichen-blotched stone, with a high central portion two curving wings, like the claws of a crab, thrown out on each side, In one of these wings the windows were broken and blocked with wooden boards, while the roof was partially caved in, a picture of ruin. The distinct contrast between the lovely summers coach ride and the dark, gloomy, ruin of Stoke Moran reflects greatly on the grimness of the task Holmes and Watson had been set. This provides concrete evidence of Conan Doyles ability to describe a setting that is interesting for the reader. Furthermore Conan Doyle used various language devices in order to describe an interesting setting for the reader in his Adventure of the red headed league, when Jabez Wilson arrived at the location for the red headed league interview Conan Doyle used Exaggeration by quoting from north, south,east,and west every man who had a shade of red in his hair had trampled into the city to answer the advertisement, Doyle used colour imagery to provide a better image of the scene to the reader by quoting, Every shade of colour, they were straw,lemon,orange , brick, Irish setter , livec, clay, flame coloured tint, popes court looked like a costers orange burrow. The Sherlock Holmes stories are structured in a rather similar method, the story always begins in Baker street where the client introduces a case to the detective, then in order to demonstrate his detective skills and to gain the clients confidence and trust, Holmes analyses the client, and example of this is in the red headed league when Holmes said to his client Helen Stoner, I have no doubt you have came in by train this morning. After Proving his Detective skills to the client and after the client tells Holmes about the case, Holmes then usually visits the crime scene, in order to further deduct how the crime had been committed, if any. The next step in the structure of the Holmes stories is after visiting the scene of the crime he thinks about the case Identifies the culprit, Watson usually senses that Holmes is up to something, Holmes doesnt tell Watson the whole thing but only gives an hint, A great example of this is in the man with the twisted lip, after Sherlock Holmes stayed up all night smoking tobacco, he finally deduced the mystery, but he didnt tell Watson who the culprit was or how the crime was committed, but he said I think Watson, that you are now standing in the presence of the most absolute fools in all of Europe, I deserve to be kicked from here to Charing Cross, but I think I have the key to the affair now and where is it? I asked, smiling. In the bathroom, he answered, come on, my boy, and we shall see whether it will fit the lock. The culprit is then caught after being pursued, or killed in the case of Dr Roylott in The Speckled Band, After the Culprit gets caught, Holmes or the Culprit then ends the story by unraveling the plot and they announce how why the crime was committed.  The Purposes of the Sherlock Holmes stories are mainly to entertain, as all of the cases are mysterious and they challenge the reader to solve the mystery Holmes has been assigned, although it is fairly impossible because the cases always have hidden facts that are fundamental in solving the mystery but are not given to you, an example of this is in the speckled band, we are told that Dr Roylott has a cheetah and a baboon, but we are not however told that he had a snake, which effectively would have solved the mystery. Another purpose of the stories were to signify the class divide in the Victorian times , such as between Men Women, Whites Natives , and to inform the audience of the various social issues that occur in the era.  In Conclusion the Sherlock Holmes stories are an entertaining, evocative, epic example of the mental workings of a genius at his own field, and they provide a moral guideline to the audience. The Sherlock Holmes character provide inspiration to the hundreds of thousands people who have read it and the millions more who in the future like I have, would come to enjoy it.

The Nevada Silver Rush

The Nevada Silver Rush Some of us keep watching the skies, as the old movie told us to do. Geologists watch the ground instead. Really looking at whats around us is the heart of good science. Its also the best way to start a rock collection or to strike gold. The late Stephen Jay Gould told a story about his visit to Olduvai Gorge, where the Leakey Institute digs up ancient human fossils. Institute staffers were attuned to the mammals whose fossil bones occur there; they could spot a mouse tooth from several meters away. Gould was a snail specialist, and he didnt find a single mammal fossil during his week there. Instead, he turned up the first fossil snail ever recorded at Olduvai! Truly, you see what you look for. Horn Silver and the Nevada Rush The Nevada silver rush, which began in 1858, may be the truest example of a gold rush. In the California gold rush, like those before and after, the Forty-Niners swarmed into the land and panned the easy nuggets from the stream placers. Then the geologic pros moved in to finish the job. The mining corporations and hydraulic syndicates thrived on the deep veins and low-pay ores that the panners couldnt touch. Mining camps like Grass Valley  had a chance to grow into mining towns, then into stable communities with farms and merchants and libraries. Not in Nevada. Silver there formed strictly on the surface. Over millions of years of desert conditions, silver sulfide minerals weathered out of their volcanic host rocks and slowly turned, under the influence of rainwater, to silver chloride. The climate of Nevada concentrated this silver ore in supergene enrichment. These heavy gray crusts were often polished by dust and wind to the dull luster of a cow horn- horn silver. You could shovel it right off the ground, and you didnt need a Ph.D. to find it. And once it was gone, there was little or nothing left beneath for the hard-rock miner. A big silver bed could be tens of meters wide and more than a kilometer long, and that crust on the ground was worth up to $27,000 a ton in 1860s dollars. The territory of Nevada, along with the states around it, was picked clean in a few decades. The miners would have done it faster, but there were dozens of remote ranges to prospect on foot, and the climate was so damnably harsh. Only the Comstock Lode supported silver mining by large combines, and it was depleted by the 1890s. It supported a federal mint in Nevadas capital, Carson City, which made silver coins with the CC mint mark. Mementos of the Silver State In any one place, the surface bonanzas lasted only a few seasons, long enough to put up saloons and not much else. Ultimately producing lots of ghost towns, the rough, violent life of so many Western movies reached its purest state in the Nevada silver camps, and the economy and politics of the state have been deeply marked ever since. They dont shovel silver off the ground anymore but sweep it instead, off the tables of Las Vegas and Reno. Nevada horn silver seems to be gone forever. Scouring the Web for specimens pans out nothing. You can find silver chloride on the Web under its mineral name of chlorargyrite or cerargyrite, but the specimens arent horn silver, even though thats what cerargyrite means in scientific Latin. Theyre little crystals from underground mines, and the sellers seem apologetic about how unexciting they look. Still. Take a moment to imagine  the thrill of stepping back into this period of American history and picking up chunks of silver right off the surface of the ground, like so much gravel... and gaining a fortune.

Comparative Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comparative Politics - Essay Example The dictatorship or authoritarian governments can be considered as an example of elitist theory. In majority of the cases elite class of the society exercise their powers because of certain skills which are quite unique in that particular area. This is the reason on the basis of which most of the people living in elitist society could not challenge the status quo. Most of the people assume government as an elite group. However this is not the case always. Corporate sector can also act as an elite group of the society. They are on a bargaining position because of their revenue generating capability which will ultimately benefit the country. Real life scenarios of recent past suggest that corporations even play role in developing governments across the globe. Therefore it can be concluded that elite group has a powerful role to play in the growth and development. The pressure groups are almost inexistent in the elitist society. They do not have the resources to influence their point of view on elitist. Elitist theory also states that whenever attempts are made to over through elitist, the reaction of could be very harmful for the effective functioning of the society. Therefore decent homework will be required to alter such system (Machiavelli, NiccoloIâ‚ ¬, W. K. Marriott, Nelle Fuller, and Thomas Hobbes, 1955). Pluralist theory suggests that economic development of the nation is the responsibility of government. However certain pressure groups can influence the decision making process of government. In pluralist society public have the power to actively criticize the decisions of government and develop a pressure group for the improvement of their living conditions. There are classes of competing groups who try to grab maximum power by dissecting the opportunities for other pressure groups. Political scientists are of the opinion that pluralist society cannot become stable in the long run since it does not have unity of command. Unstable governments are the n orm of those societies. As far as the case of Unites States of America is concerned it can be concluded that pluralistic democratic system is prevailing in the country. Government administration of USA has to face to pressure as well as opposition members on the congress before making any decision associated with the government. Occupy Wall Street movement can be considered as an example of pressure group. There is no limitation on the general public to protest against governmental decisions (Johnson, Janet Buttolph, and Richard Joslyn, 1986). Question 2 Plurality system is the single voting system. According to this system the candidate with highest votes is elected as a member of legislative assembly. This system is based on the constituent politics. There are some political scientists who consider it as a best representative of democratic system. However opponents argue that it is not necessary that general public could elect the member who can solve their problems in the true se nse. Therefore the system cannot be considered as fool proof. The condition of absolute majority does not prevail in this system. Simple majority is enough to decide the candidature. Proportional representation system is quite different from plurality system. It is based on seats to voter relationship. For example if party A has received 30% seats in the assembly then that party should also get 30% votes in the electoral process. Political scien

Analyzing a movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Analyzing a movie - Essay Example In addition to aspects of gender, age, and culture, the film explores the plight of someone who has a same sex sexual preference who lived his life without the fulfillment of love because of social class and cultural barriers that tore him from the man he would love for most of his life. Love is explored on a number of levels, discussing sexual identity and social position as they can be related one to the other. The film The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2011) has a rich foundation from which to study various aspects of cultural anthropology from the perspectives of gender, age, culture, and sexual identity. Through an examination of this film, stereotypes that have emerged from colonialism and the changes that have occurred through Westernization become important parts of the development of the story and the characters. The first aspect of the movie that is most obvious is the discussion of how older people can very easily become disenfranchised as they age out of their careers or marriage arrangements. One of the couples, played by Bill Nighy and Penelope Wilton, lost all of their money on a venture that they invested in with their daughter (IMDB). As he went into retirement, they found they could not afford anything but a small home intended for people who were infirm and unable to fully take care of themselves. They choose to follow an advertisement on the internet where a hotel in India was willing to pay for their flights in exchange for them living at the hotel. Dame Judi Dench plays a woman who had entrusted all of her decisions to her husband and upon his passing found that he had left her penniless (IMDB). Rather than imposing on her children and in the process losing her freedom, she too chooses to go to India. The situation of the couple and of Dench’s character show how the event of getting older can lead to situations where deep changes in life can occur. The culture of the elderly is a conflicting space in which older people, through

Project Business Case (A control traffic light signal device) during Essay

Project Business Case (A control traffic light signal device) during the transfer of emergency cases - Essay Example     Sign Off: Title Name Signature Date Project Manager    Project Sponsor    Reviewers: Name Title             *add/ delete rows as required Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2 Options 4 3 Implementation Plan 9 4 Governance 10 5 Project Review & Closure 11 1. Introduction  1.1 Background In most parts of the world, it is common practice for paramedics to navigate their way around traffics when they are called to handle an emergency situation. They do not really have the power to control traffics and they are held by the status of traffic lights each and every time they are called to duty. It is common practice for drivers of vehicles to stop and allow paramedics to get to their destination on time (Bledsoe et al, 1998). This body of traffic rules and moral obligations forces the ‘rational’ driver to quickly clear the road for an ambulance to pass. However, in a crossroad, there are no laws that really stop the flow of traff ic in a road where there is a green traffic light reflected. Most drivers have to drive through irrespective of whether there is an ambulance coming through or not. Secondly, a ‘rational’ driver who sees a moral obligation to stop for an ambulance to pass might end up causing a serious accident because it is unlikely that the cars following him would also think like him and stop for the movement of the ambulance. It is therefore important for a middle way to be found to ensure that ambulances and their paramedic staff get to scenes of medical emergencies and then save lives. This therefore calls for some kind of method that will enable paramedics and ambulance drivers to control the traffic lights whenever they are in driving to the scene of an emergency. Currently, SAAS has little control over the traffic light systems. This therefore means that they would have to stop in every traffic light and wait till it turns green before they can proceed to save lives. This defea ts their main purpose and there is the need for SAAS to get some power to control the traffic light systems so that they can fulfill their main purpose of formation – to save lives by arriving at emergency destinations on time. 1.2 Justification By definition, paramedics are trained to give first aid and emergency medical aid as and when it is needed and this forms the foundation of their primary responsibility – to save lives (Bhushkan & Mone, 2006). This therefore means that the staff members of SAAS devote their lives and times to saving citizens and residents of Australia who are in critical condition and need to be protected from death and severe hardships at the exact time they need it. The traffic lights are there to control the normal flow of cars carrying peoples through different crossroads. It regulates the flow of people throughout their travels on Australian roads. These people driving are often normal people who are not in any form of immediate danger. It is therefore necessary for priority to be given to residents of the country who are in critical or fatal condition. This can be done by giving paramedics the right to control the traffic lights and stop all vehicles moving across the road ahead of them. This is because a delay in their movement could mean the loss of another Australian life. There is therefore the need for the city and planning authorities Southern Australia to give paramedics and a

The Very Concept Or Idea Of God Philosophy Essay

The Very Concept Or Idea Of God Philosophy Essay Ontological arguments attempt to show that the very concept or idea of God implies his reality; that is, that ones being able to clearly conceive of God somehow implies that God actually exists. The ontological argument is a priori. This means that the argument does not rely on the evidence of the sense, or the world around us, for either its premises or its conclusion, but rather it moves by stages of logical argument to a conclusion which is self-evidently true or logically necessary. The argument is both deductive and analytic. This means that the premises of the argument contain the conclusion it reaches and the argument is structured in such a way as to make the conclusion the only possible one that can be deduced from its premises. Because it is analytic it is true by definition alone. The ontological argument was first formulated by eleventh century Archbishop of Canterbury, St. Anselm. Anselms original version of the argument is developed in his Proslogion in the course of some reflections on the fool who hath said in his heart, There is no God. Anselm reasons that even to deny Gods existence, the fool must understand the idea of God, who must exist as an idea in the understanding of the fool. Anselm suggests that the idea of God is the greatest possible being, a being than which nothing greater can be conceived. Anselm claims that it is greater to exist in reality than merely to exist in the understanding. Since God is by definition the greatest possible being, it is impossible for God to only exist in the mind (the understanding). For if God only existed in the mind and not in reality, the God would not be the greatest possible being. Anselms argument is an essential idea of the ontological argument because he was the first scholar to formulate the ontological argument which other philosophers, including modern scholars, use as the basis of their developments to the ontological argument. Five hundred years after Anselm, the French philosopher Rene Descartes reformulated the ontological proof, in terms of the concept of necessary existence. Descartes realised that doubting all of his knowledge proved his existence: I think, therefore I am. Similar to Anselm, Descartes defined God as an infinitely perfect being superior to all beings in perfection. He argued that because we exist and in our minds, have the concept of a perfect being; and as an imperfect being, we could not have conjured up the concept of a perfect being. The concept of a perfect being must therefore have originated from the perfect being itself and a perfect being must exist in order to be perfect, therefore a perfect being exists. Descartes applied his argument for a perfect being to the existence of God. He argued that God is the idea of a supremely perfect being. A supremely perfect being has all perfections. Existence is a perfection. A supremely perfect being has the perfection of existence. It is impossible to think of God as not existing, therefore, God exists. Descartes maintained existence belonged analytically to God in the same way that three angles are analytically predicated of a triangle, or less convincingly, as a valley is a necessary predicate of a mountain. Norman Malcolm proposed another form of the ontological argument in support of necessary existence. Malcolm argued; if God exists, his existence is necessary; if God does not exist, his existence is impossible. Either God exists or he does not exist. Therefore Gods existence is either necessary or impossible. Gods existence is possible (not impossible), therefore Gods existence is necessary. Malcolms argument is an essential idea of the ontological argument because it is a development of both Anselms and Descartes arguments and logically proves the necessary existence of God. Alvin Plantinga formulated his own, contemporary version of the ontological argument. Plantainga suggested that since we are able to imagine any number of alternative worlds in which things may be quite different, for example a world in which John F Kennedy decided not to become a politician and been an estate agent instead. There must be any number of possible worlds, including our own. However, if Gods existence is necessary, he must exist in them all and have all the characteristics of God in them all. This is because, Plantinga argued, God is both maximally great and maximally excellent. He proposed that: there exists a world in which there is a being of maximal greatness, and a being of maximal excellence is omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent in all worlds. Plantingas argument is an essential idea of the ontological argument because it succeeds in showing that God is possible in all possible worlds. b) Despite the ontological argument seeming to be a strong, convincing argument for proof for the existence of God, it comes under heavy scrutiny from its weaknesses. Anselms argument was refuted in his own lifetime by Gaunilo, who demonstrated that if the logic of the argument were applied to things other than God, it led to invalid conclusions. Gaunilo replaced the word God with the greatest island which led to his argument which had the same form as Anselms, with true premises, and yet, which leads to a false conclusion. Gaunilo argued: I can conceive of an island that than which no greater island can be thought. Such an island must possess all perfections. Existence is a perfection, therefore, the island exists. Gaunilos argument shows that just because we can think of the greatest possible thing or being in our mind it does not mean that it exists in reality. However this is a weak criticism of the ontological argument and the strengths are more convincing because Gaunilo is applying the argument to a contingent object, where as God is a necessary being according to Anselm. An island may or may not exist. Furthermore, there is no logical poin t at which we might reasonably say that we have reached intrinsic perfection in an island or other islands, or other contingent things, is surely subjective I cannot possibly guarantee that my perfect island is the same as yours. Therefore the strengths of the ontological argument are much more convincing than Gaunilos criticism because it shows that the argument works when applied to a necessary being, where as Gaunilo applied it to a contingent item, which is not the same thing. Fundamental to Anselms and Descartes form of the ontological argument is that existence is a predicate an attribute or quality that can be possessed or lacked, such as size, shape, colour, temperature, personality, intelligence or traits. These may or may not belong to a being or thing, and their presence or absence is part of our understanding and apprehension of it. However Kant observed that existence is not associated with the definition of something, since it does not add to our understanding of that thing. We must establish the existence of something before we can say what it is like. We cannot ascribe existence a priori to our definition of a perfect being. Kant argues it would be self contradictory to posit a triangle and yet reject its three angles, but there is no contradiction in rejecting the triangle together with its three angles. Kants criticism of the ontological argument is very strong and causes the ontological argument to be weak and not convincing because Anselm and Descartes used existence as a predicate in their arguments and consequently they were wrong to do so because existence is not a quality because the idea of God, existence is contained within the definition of God. Kant also added that existence adds nothing to the concept of a thing or being. For example, one hundred pounds in the imagination was not made greater in number or nature by existing in reality. However this argument fails to weaken the ontological argument because arguably one hundred pounds in reality is more useful than one hundred pounds in the mind. In the same way God who only exists in the mind can have no real effect on the lives of believers; where as God who exists in reality can intervene in peoples lives and make a real difference. Despite this, Kants argument is still a strong criticism and causes the ontological argument to not be a convincing argument because you can reject the idea of God and easily thin of a being that does not exist. David Hume also criticised the ontological argument. He believed that the ontological argument makes a false assumption about existence that necessary existence was a coherent concept. Hume argued that existence could only ever be contingent and that all statements about existence could be denied without contradiction. All things which could be said to exist could also be said not to exist. Hume said: However much our concept of an object may contain, we must go outside of it to determine whether or not it exists. We cannot define something into existence even if it has all the perfections we can imagine. Humes criticism is similar to Kants and makes the ontological argument a less convincing argument because it is not possible to move from the necessary of a proposition to the necessity of a God. In conclusion the ontological argument is a fairly convincing argument despite its various criticisms. The ontological argument cannot be disproved but it also cannot be proved, yet it remains a fairly strong and convincing argument for the existence of God. It is the strongest argument for the theist but it can be argued that it cannot be a strong argument or proof for the existence of God because there is no empirical evidence to prove its claims. However, I believe that it remains a fairly convincing argument because if God is the greatest being, by definition, God must be a necessary being, and in order to be the great being conceivable, God must exist in reality.

freedom of speech -- essays research papers fc

â€Å" Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press† -First Amendment, U.S. Constitution. According to the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, one of the basic principles our country is based on is the freedom of speech. Because of this, as eras and ages have passed in this still young and growing country, this amendment has had a greater use then stated, as to just insure a citizen of this right; rather it is used and many times directed towards individuals who have suffered great injustices and forms of oppression in the nation and their strive for liberation. However, what speech is such thus uses to reach this liberation and freedom? What hidden phantom is it that can improve the reality of an individual being oppressed and transcend them from injustice in America? The answer is none other than the English language. It is the use of this language, written and spoken, which has altered the subjectivity lived in the past, as well as today. Take for instance the first official document our country based its freedom on, in the The Declaration of Independence of the Thirteen Colonies. This document has laid the foundation of freedom and liberation from past oppression (British injustices)and in this country still existing today. However when viewing this document, one must take careful note of not only the theme of the document, rather the text itself to fully understand the genius and skill put forward in scribing such an influential document. For instance, a couple lines from the top, the author(s) state â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness† (Declaration 1). First should be noticed the type of voice used in this segment of the document. From this passage, throughout the rest of the document, the voice is of plural (or as seen â€Å" We hold...†). With using â€Å"We† rather than â€Å"The individuals of the colonies† or such else, the author(s) intern portray an equal status with the reader, as not only a citizen rather as a peer. A second passage from this document which personifies the use of the English language in the str... ...ng this metaphor, especially in this context, King compares that to church bells and other form of peaceful bells that ring. As a result, seen once again, is this emotional appeal through metaphorical analysis. In conclusion, the English language has and still plays an essential role in the liberation of the past and the oppositions still faced today.. Since the beginning of the nations existence, through the civil rights movements, carrying over till today, the first amendment, with this English language, has proven to be of great validity and importance. It can thus be concluded that the English language is essentially, the speech of freedom! Works Cited Breitman, George Malcolm X Speaks (pp. 23-44), (Ed). Published in 1965 by Grove Weidenfeld: New York, NY. King, Martin Luther: "I Have a Dream"delivered 28 August 1963, at the Lincoln Memorial, Washington D.C.

Nazism vs. Fascism Essay

R.Q.: To what extent were the German and Italian regimes under Hitler and Mussolini Totalitarian? i. Why? With this research I want to discover whether Hitler and Mussolini transformed Germany and Italy, respectively into Totalitarian regimes. In my discretion this played a major role when looking at traditions, respectability of countries and reputations of countries. Such â€Å"emotions† can also trigger wars, as we so in WWII. Initially, I feel that Dictatorships having absolute power over a country can cause many inconveniences for the citizens of it. Hence, I want to understand their motives and ambitions. Also, I figure that this is a very important time period in which milestones and new dimensions have been opened. Thirdly, I decided on this topic because I am a German citizen, who is naturally interested in the background and history of ones father country. ii. What? I am going to use a series of books written in different time periods by different writers from different countries. This shows a certain scope of viewpoints, which makes the answer to this question more objective. I am also going to use the Internet as one research option of my internal assessment. iii. I planned my essay. This can be seen in the appendix, 1) Essay Plan. This plan shows how I am going to attempt to accomplish my Task i. Define Nazism a. Nazism is the body of political and economic doctrines held and put into effect by the National Socialist German Workers’ Party in the Third Reich including the totalitarian principle of government, state control of all industries, predominance of groups assumed to be racially superior, and supremacy of the Fà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½hrer1. ii. Define Fascism a. Fascism is a political philosophy, movement, or regime (as that of the Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition2. iii. Define Totalitarian a. Totalitarian is defined as of or relating to centralized control by an autocratic leader or hierarchy. Of or relating to a political regime based on subordination of the individual to the state and strict control of all aspects of the life and productive capacity of the nation especially by coercive measures (as censorship and terrorism)3 iv. All these definitions above are essential in order to understand how totalitarianism is initially linked with Nazism and Fascism. These terms, Nazism Fascism and Totalitarianism have all got the subordination of the individual to the state and the control of mind etc. of the individual in common. The difference between them, however is that Totalitarian is purely a term describing a situation, a current state of something. Nazism and Fascism on the other hand, describe an ideology that developed over centuries and eventually ruled a country. When we are looking at these definitions, we discover, that both ideologies have a feature of totalitarianism innate. Therefore, initially we would say that they the states, Germany and Italy, both are totalitarian because the autocracy by which they are ruled is totalitarian. This must mean that the people believe in it because they elected this system of government, and hence the system must be totalitarian. This, however, is debatable. In the ongoing lines I will question the above statement by looking closer at the two ideologies and how they became elected. i. Discrimination of Minorities a. Germany i. Minorities, such as Jews, Blacks, Gypsies and women were discriminated widely. Anything not of Aryan derivation, was inferior. Women, for example, were expected to behave just like â€Å"K,K,K†-meaning Kinder, Kirche, Kà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½che. Translated, Children, Church, Kitchen. In other words, they were expected to have as many children as possible to expand the Aryan race, support the religion and cook well. Jews, of course, were treated the worst, i.e.: concentration camps. b. Italy i. Fascist Policy towards women was condescending. Women were not put equal to men. It was also anti-urban and anti-consumerist. There was birth control and additional taxes on unmarried. This, in a way, was similar to Nazi Germany, where there were incentives to bear as many children as possible. It aimed to promote the ‘superior’ race. Fascist policy was at the beginning not racially concerned. However, when relations with Germany improved, Mussolini adopted some anti-foreign steps. This aimed to give the people a feeling of superiority over other nations and should promote the will to fight for the cause of the nation. Employment conditions for female workers were restricted. They were excluded from several workplaces. ii. Church a. Germany i. Germany was almost entirely a Christian country. Hitler realised this and did not underestimate the power the church, as a single institution, could have on the peoples’ minds’. Therefore, he knew it would not be wise to attack the church during his campaigns. Hence, he made an agreement with the church, the Concordat, which granted the church religious freedom. This, however was only superficially. In reality, any member of the church speaking bad about Hitler or his party, NSDAP, was prosecuted or sent to a concentration camp. Even Church schools were influenced by Hitler; the bible was replaced by â€Å"Mein Kampf† and the cross by the swastika. b. Italy i. In Italy the church played a more important role than in Germany because of the Pope and the Vatican being situated in Italy. Hence, Mussolini tried, after 1922 when coming to power, to include the church as much as possible in the fascist state in order to stabilise and ensure power for his party, PNF. Catholicism was also seen as a possible threat to the emerging fascist state. Hence, a concordat was attempted to improve church-state relations. Catholicism was considered the religion of most Italians, which was so deeply rooted in Italian life that could directly endanger the position of the fascist might. iii. Education a. Germany i. Education in Germany was largely controlled by the Nazis. The main subjects were history, biology and physical education. All of course indoctrinated and altered to shine a good light on the Nazi party and its style of rule. Special schools were build for the â€Å"most talented†. This meant that from a very young age onwards, children in Germany were focused on the Nazi ideology, similar to the Youths, which I will talk about in the next paragraph. b. Italy i. Education was focused on Fascist ideas and ideology. Children were educated in physical education and military training. These are just examples to illustrate what Mussolini wanted to achieve. iv. Youths a. Germany i. Various youths’ existed in Nazi Germany, all aiming to control the mind of German children. Hitler once described his views concerning the purpose of youths:† When an opponent declares, ‘I will not come your side’, I calmly say: ‘Your child belongs to us already†¦In a short time, they will know nothing else but this community.† These programs existed for boys and girls. Boys camps were more physical, preparing for war. Girls’ camps were aiming to make them strong to bear many healthy children. b. Italy i. From 1929 onwards, Mussolini focused more intensely on the control of children in his regime. He wanted to control them by education, which he stated as a right of the leading body in a totalitarian state. The Ministry of Public Instructions was changed to the Ministry of National education (ONB) in 1929. This new organisation provided pre-military training, drill and gym. All measures to convey a more aggressive and disciplined way of live. This program was even integrated into the school curriculum. Recruitment was thus made very easy and numerous. The Fascists wanted to create an Italy were there were young courageous men willing to fight for the cause of the nation. Their motto was: â€Å"Believe, Obey, Fight†. This displays exactly what Mussolini was after. Especially during the great depression, Mussolini tried to give his people a cause to believe in. He created groups or fixed mass meeting so that the people would experience a way of unity. v. Propaganda a. Germany i. Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany was Goebbels. He was an able man, with enormous aims. Not only wanted he the people to accept the regime. He wanted them to capitulate to them, grasping the ideology. He, for the first time in history, effectively made use of the radio and press. He seized control over both. By 1932 less then 25% of the population owned a radio. Hence, he made provisions for producing cheap sets of wireless radios. He called it the ‘Volksempfà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½nger’, translated, ‘nation-receptionist’. The press seemed harder to control. The Nazi publisher-‘Eher Verlag’-bought many of the 4,700 existing newspapers. Goebbels held a daily press conference and eventually, the Editors Law, made the seizure of the press complete. Via the radio, the Aryan race was emphasized. Jewish music was not played. People were constantly bombed with Nazi propaganda, their ideology. b. Italy i. Mussolini wanted to create an image of the ‘new’ Italian. This image should be aggressive and patriotic. He also used heroic figurers from the wars to illustrate the alleged superiority of the Italian nation. vi. Police State a. Germany i. The party seemed to be well organized and structured. Hitler himself, however, rejected any document work. Now the question appears, how it was so sufficient? The answer is that a powerful force was acting behind the scenes. This force was the ‘army’. It consisted of the SS, short for â€Å"Schutz-Staffel†, the SA, short for â€Å"Sturm-Abteilung†, the Gestapo, known for its brutality and later the SD, â€Å"Sicherheitsdienst†, the party internal police force. All these acted in order to maintain or restore order. The SS was once created to be Hitler’s personal bodyguard. It evolved to be a unit with incredible power over, economic, political and social matters. It turned out to be an extremely useful tool for Hitler. b. Italy i. The military was also guaranteed a supreme status in Italy. However, the German army had become a political power whereas the Italian had not. After the death of Hindenburg, Hitler was able to benefit from an exclusive oath. Mussolini never had such an opportunity under the still existing Monarchy. The Italian Military acted with divided loyalties. The Italian army did not face any threats form party-army-type organizations, as opposed to the German SS and SA. vii. Power of the Leader a. Germany/Italy i. Both, ‘der Fà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½hrer’ and ‘il duce’, were charismatic and ambitious men. They had a set aim which they wanted to achieve no matter what the cost was. They managed to elate masses so that they would virtually believe anything they said. These are, among others, characteristics a strong Leader must have in order to be successful. Hitler was not only appointed chancellor but became President after Hindenburg’s death. He also appointed himself Chief-Commander of all armed forces. This gave him the mere control over many bodies. i. Weigh factors against each other a. Germany vs. Italy ii. Conclusion a. When looking back at my research and all the information I collected during it, I think it is fair to say that both ideologies and those implementing it, transformed the respective countries to a large extent into totalitarian regimes. Although, I would say that this phenomena did not occur in the conventional way. By definition, a totalitarian regime controls every aspect of life. When looking at the moment they came to power and the day they left, a great difference in many senses can be seen. Especially, when looking at how they controlled the peoples’ minds’. Propaganda, Force, Speeches, youths and discrimination are all factors, which increased their influence. This integrated so quickly into the respective countries roots, so that it was inevitable that people would eventually believe what they heard. They would also obey by it because they the how brutal their measures could be. Power conveyed and achieved by force was one feature in these regimes. The other means was propaganda. New technology, new innovations enabled them to convey their messages and slogans whenever they wanted. They could also reach every member of their â€Å"community†. They not only controlled adults. One of their ideas was to transform the young so that their ideology would be carried further with the next generation. 1 http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=Nazism 2 http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=fascism 3 http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=totalitarian

Free Essays on Night Vs Sea Wolf

Night vs. Sea Wolf The content and the genre of Night and The Sea Wolf have absolutely nothing in common. Elie Weisel’s novel Night is a dramatic true-life story based upon his own experiences in a Nazi concentration camp as a teenager. While Jack London’s novel The Sea Wolf, on the other hand, is a historical fiction novel that is based on one man’s fictional adventure on a seal hunting schooner captained by one of the world’s most ruthless men. Even though these books differ heavily in content they are extremely similar when it comes to their purpose and the stylistic elements they use to achieve this purpose. Elie Weisel’s novel Night and Jack London’s novel The Sea Wolf were written with the same purpose of demonstrating how cruel and inhumane man can be to other man. Even though both of these novels are very different as far as genre and content, they use very similar stylistic elements to achieve an identical purpose. Weisel and London use symbolism , development of character, and setting as their stylistic elements, which they use to achieve their purpose. Elie Weisel and Jack London use very similar stylistic elements to achieve their purpose of showing how inhumane and cruel man can be to other man. The first stylistic element that they use is symbolism. Symbolism is defined as the representation of a meaning through an object or a person. The predominant symbol in each novel also happens to be the title of each novel. In Weisel’s novel Night, the predominant symbol is the time of â€Å"night.† When we think of â€Å"Night† we think of darkness, which is exactly what it symbolized in the novel as well. Night symbolized the darkness and despair of the Jews during their time in the Nazi concentration camps, their depression and their dark feelings. Whenever someone would get killed or something bad would happen in the novel it happen during the middle of the night. The word night was frequently repeated ... Free Essays on Night Vs Sea Wolf Free Essays on Night Vs Sea Wolf Night vs. Sea Wolf The content and the genre of Night and The Sea Wolf have absolutely nothing in common. Elie Weisel’s novel Night is a dramatic true-life story based upon his own experiences in a Nazi concentration camp as a teenager. While Jack London’s novel The Sea Wolf, on the other hand, is a historical fiction novel that is based on one man’s fictional adventure on a seal hunting schooner captained by one of the world’s most ruthless men. Even though these books differ heavily in content they are extremely similar when it comes to their purpose and the stylistic elements they use to achieve this purpose. Elie Weisel’s novel Night and Jack London’s novel The Sea Wolf were written with the same purpose of demonstrating how cruel and inhumane man can be to other man. Even though both of these novels are very different as far as genre and content, they use very similar stylistic elements to achieve an identical purpose. Weisel and London use symbolism , development of character, and setting as their stylistic elements, which they use to achieve their purpose. Elie Weisel and Jack London use very similar stylistic elements to achieve their purpose of showing how inhumane and cruel man can be to other man. The first stylistic element that they use is symbolism. Symbolism is defined as the representation of a meaning through an object or a person. The predominant symbol in each novel also happens to be the title of each novel. In Weisel’s novel Night, the predominant symbol is the time of â€Å"night.† When we think of â€Å"Night† we think of darkness, which is exactly what it symbolized in the novel as well. Night symbolized the darkness and despair of the Jews during their time in the Nazi concentration camps, their depression and their dark feelings. Whenever someone would get killed or something bad would happen in the novel it happen during the middle of the night. The word night was frequently repeated ...

A Memory essays

A Memory essays Landscape is an important aspect of writing. Through this technique, the author can express symbolism using the character's surroundings. From the external landscape of a character, the internal landscape develops. There is a strong connection between the external and internal landscape of a character. In "A Memory" by Eudora Welty, the author uses external and internal landscape from her childhood memories to recreate a child hood fictional world. Through the small frames of her fingers, Eudora Welty begins her story looking at the landscape surrounding her. She beings by noticing the sun and how beautiful it is. This observation occurs when Eudora is not complaining about people or her surroundings, and the sun represents a peaceful time in her internally. With every observation of a person, she is obsessed with the concealment and the secrets that are within a person. This external landscape secretly comes from the inside, where she hides her thoughts. In her childhood, Eudora Welty hid the love she had for a boy in her school. Internally, she was obsessed with the slightest touch of the boy. The author did not show this feeling on the outside, and he never knew her love for him. Possibly this emotion was not even love, but instead a longing for attention from the boy. Although she never got attention physically or emotionally from the boy, her thoughts about him gave her a meaning in life. This love, or whatever it was, that Eudora Welty once had is something she is trying to find in each person that she judges. She imagined a horrible external landscape for this boy. For example, she thought about his house catching on fire, or his parents becoming crippled. These thoughts indicated that internally she knew that boy was not perfect, and that she would never know everything about him or receive the boy's attention as she had wished. As Welty wonders with her thoughts, she brings bathers into her story. She describes ...

Food Waste Biomass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Food Waste Biomass - Essay Example Food wastes are generated from hotels, restaurants, and other retail shops with one of the major causes being foods that are all not being sold. If the quality and freshness of the food products get compromised or lost, then customers tend to reject such food products. Moreover, since customers do not like waiting for their favorite food products, retail shops order for more of the products, often which is do not get sold entirely, thus leaving unsold foods that eventually becomes wastes. Since right amounts of food are often not ordered at the right time, this leads to the most losses of foods. Foods also turn into wastes if they are not treated or managed properly. For instance different food products might be required to be kept in particular temperatures which if neglected leads to wastes. Incorrect mechanical handling of foods also leads to wastes (Stenmarck et al 10-11). The environment gets affected by food waste since natural resources are lost as a result of food waste, alon g with release of greenhouse gases in the air. Also, since there are many people in the world who are in need of food while on the other food gets wasted can be associated with social impacts as well. Thus if hotels and restaurants report for food wastes, they also prove to be socially not responsible and hence might not gain their position in the world of business. With wastage of the food, the other energy sources that were involved in the production of the food also get wasted (Environmental and social impacts of food waste).

Exploring Research Designs and The Relationship to the Research Essay

Exploring Research Designs and The Relationship to the Research Question - Essay Example 3. Provide an example of the hypothesis for the study. 4. Write a 750-word paper including the research question and design, and explain why the research design is appropriate for the research question. 5. Identify the research design as correlational, quasi-experimental, or experimental, and defend your choice using a critical approach including cited references. 6. Provide an example of how you could change the research question to use a different research design. Topic: Exploring Research Designs and The Relationship to the Research Question Exploring relationship between research design and the research question By The present study aims to explore the linkage between the research design and the research question. While â€Å"research is the discovery of answers to questions through the application of scientific and systematic procedures†; the research question asks what the tentative relationship among variables might be, or it asks about the state of nature of some pheno menon (Keyton, 2006). On the other hand, a research design can be viewed as somewhat like a master plan. It stipulates the methods and procedures that are to be adopted for collecting and analysing the necessary information for the research (Zikmund & Babin, 2007). A different perspective of research design was presented by Zikumnd & Babin (2007) – that the research design is somewhat like a master plan, which specifies the methods and procedures to be adopted for collecting and analysing the required information. The research problem Considering these definitions, the present work proceeds to develop a research question for a quantitative study on the relationship between one dependent variable ‘wage’ and three independent variables - (1) educational attainment, (2) skill (professional qualification) and (3) ability (experience). A variable is an element that is specifically identified in the research hypotheses or questions, necessitating to be expressed as mor e than one value or in various categories (Keyton, 2006). It is common wisdom that education benefits the individual, the nation and the society as well in many ways. While, the individual is benefitted in the form of increase wages and consequently a better lifestyle; the nation is benefitted in terms of increased taxes. The society too is benefitted as researchers have observed that college graduates have shown to have lower smoking rates, more positive perception towards personal health, and healthier lifestyles than the less educated (Baum & Ma, 2007). Overall the society is benefitted in the form of more responsible citizens, which is believed to be due to educational achievement. Whereas, these benefits generally delineate the qualitative characteristics of the issue, there is a need to know how educational attainment, professional qualification and experience influence the wages earned by an individual. The research question The study is significant and desirable and therefor e, it is worthwhile to undertake a research on the subject. Accordingly, the purpose of the study was to explore the correlation between