Future Crime Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Future Crime Scenario - Essay Example These issues affect all of us in one way or another. Genetic engineering is a public health issue as well as a criminal justice issue. It is a religious issue as well as an ethical issue. This essay will discuss whether there are victims of this type of crime, advocate a technology screening procedure for innovations of this sort, and suggest a few strategies to allow society a breathing time to evaluate these types of innovations prior to implementation. Victims: A Speculative Consideration The identification of victims in this scenario is complicated. It is complicated because people approach the issue from different points of view. As a preliminary matter, there are certainly potential victims. Whether these potential victims will ever become actual victims is unknown. These potential victims can be broken down into the following categories: (1) the organism itself, (2) animals subjected to testing, (3)humans subjected to testing, (4) the environment, and (5) the human being receiving the transplant. Initially, there is debate as to whether the organism created is entitled to the status of a human being. Is the organism, in short, a victim To the extant that the organism is engineered for a very specific purpose, human organ growth, attempts to characterize the organism as a victim are not persuasive. Animals subjected to testing are clearly victims. They suffer physical and emotional pain. That said, animal suffering can be minimized through a careful technology screening process. Human test is a different situation. To that degree that human beings volunteer for testing they are not really victims. This assumes, however, that they are well-informed of all possible risks at the outset and not suffering from any duress which might affect... This essay declares that genetic engineering is a field that excites many passions. To be sure, it also instills many fears. One of the doctor’s main objectives in this scenario is to genetically create and improve an organism for use in human organ growth and transplant. On a superficial level, this sounds reasonable. The potential benefits of human organ growth and transplant are substantial and, potentially, far-reaching. It has been noted that â€Å"the human diseases treatable by transplantation are diverse†. This paper stresses that the identification of victims in this scenario is complicated. It is complicated because people approach the issue from different points of view. As a preliminary matter, there are certainly potential victims. Whether these potential victims will ever become actual victims is unknown. To the extant that the organism is engineered for a very specific purpose, human organ growth, attempts to characterize the organism as a victim are not persuasive. Animals subjected to testing are clearly victims. They suffer physical and emotional pain. That said, animal suffering can be minimized through a careful technology screening process. Human test is a different situation. To that degree that human beings volunteer for testing they are not really victims. The most complicated issue is the effects of these genetically created organisms on the environment.

Source Question on Public Health Reform 1832-1853 Essay Example for Free

Source Question on Public Health Reform 1832-1853 Essay Sources B and C mainly provide similar evidence for attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 because they both agree that public health in certain areas were much worse than those which were affected by the new Public Health Act. This is clear because Source B refers to, â€Å"We live in muck and filthe† and Source C refers to, â€Å"We also want sewers and an ample supply of water†. They also both agree that there are dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 for Source B refers to, â€Å"if the Cholera comes lord help us† and in Source C, the author claims that, â€Å"without which no efficient sanitary measures can be carried out†, which is referring to the anxiety of disease. Both Sources B and C offer similar evidence because they are both written for the same cause. Sources B and C were both written by people who wanted the Public Health Act to affect their local community due to the poor conditions and danger of disease in their areas. They are also both written at very similar dates, Source B having been written in 1848 and Source C having been written in 1849. This is important because public health at this time was known to be dreadful and both give a good insight towards the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849. They also both have the same purpose, for they were written for the intention of having the Public Health Act applied to their local areas (both signed by other locals who wanted the Act enforced), meaning that similar evidence would be involved in inquiring for the act. These similarities make Source C more valuable as evidence for attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 because the petition in Source C was signed by 164 people, whereas Source B was signed by 54 people. However, there are some differences between Sources B and C as evidence for attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849. Firstly, both sources provide different evidence, for Source B gives a greater sense of desperation and fear, whereas Source C does not give as much of a sense of desperation. This can be seen when Source B refers to, â€Å"livin in a wilderness so far as the rest of London knows anything of us† whereas Source C only states that, â€Å"Unlike elsewhere there appears to be a very favourable feeling towards to its (the Public Health Act) adoption†. The sources are also written very differently. Source B is written with many spelling mistakes and bad grammar, whereas Source C is written in a more formal tone without any spelling mistakes or bad grammar The main reason why the sources offer different evidence is because they are written by two people from very different backgrounds. Source B is written by someone who has clearly not been educated very well as the letter is written in poor English. This makes the source more valuable as evidence for the attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 because it comes from someone who sounds more desperate. Whereas, Source C is written by an active local Poor Law Guardian a middle class man or above, and has been educated. Due to the tone being formal, desperation for the Public Health Act does not come through as clearly as Source B therefore it is not as valuable evidence for the attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849. Source B offers more useful evidence the Source C because not only does it describe conditions of the public health problems and bring across the anxiety of an outbreak of disease in 1849, but also presents more of a sense of desperation due to the illiteracy of the author, for example, â€Å"The stenche of their gully hole is disgustin We all of us suffer and numbers are ill†. Source B is also reliable because it comes from someone who is clearly more desperate for better public health conditions due to the tone. Source C is just as reliable for a ‘Board’ was secured and he was assisted by Chadwick’s favoured engineer. Overall, Source B is more useful than Source C as evidence for attitudes towards Public Health and the dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849 because it describes the public health conditions of his area in greater detail than Source C, and, his evidence is typical to the conditions described at the time. However, together, they provide valuable evidence because both corroborate that public health at the time was appalling and that there were dangers of an outbreak of disease in 1849.

The Curious Case Of Benjamin Button | Adapting literature

The Curious Case Of Benjamin Button | Adapting literature Life would be infinitely happier if we could only be born at the age of 80 and gradually approach 18. This quote from Mark Twain inspired F. Scott Fitzgerald to write his short story à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾The Curious Case of Benjamin Button in 1922. Just recently, in 2008, it has been adapted as a motion picture movie directed by David Fincher with great success. There have been many adaption of literature into film and the quality of the outcome as well as the number of parallels to the original work often differ greatly. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a very extreme example and for a long time the nouvelle wasnt even considered to possibly be turned into a movie due to the lack of techniques to have the reversed aging process of Benjamin Button seem real. I found the idea of living life backwards and the difficulties and experiences which are linked to such an extraordinary phenomenon very appealing. Therefore I wanted to find out more about it and read the short story The Curious Case of Benjamin Button by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Even though book and film differ in several ways, the main idea is the same and so fascinating that I decided to do my research paper on comparing the book with the movie. B: I As we will see, the movie is a very loose adaption of the book, basically, the only consistent occurrence in both the movie and the book is Benjamin Buttons unusual, reversed aging process. Yet not even this is completely similar: while the book ´s character of Benjamin Button has the mental age of 80 at the end of his life, the movies version gives Benjamin the mindset of an infant trapped in an 80 year old body. Film: The story starts at the day when Hurricane Katrina hits New Orleans. At this very day Daisy Williams is waiting in a New Orleans hospital on her deathbed for her end to come. There with her is her daughter Caroline, who stands by her and reads to her mum out loud of a diary given to her by a man called Benjamin. His mother died by giving birth to him. Now the difference to all the other newborn babies is that he was old and wrinkled. Thomas Button, his father, horrified of his son leaves him on the doorsteps of an elderly care-home. Where Queenie a black NANNA? Takes him in and treats him like her own son. Benjamin fits in well even though of his young age he looks as old as most of the residents. Soon Benjamin realizes that he is physically growing younger not older. SZENE . Early in his life, he meets Daisy, the woman of his life which he first meets when shes a young child. Both lives go different ways and sometimes their paths even cross each other. Until they finally can manage to make a life together, which however because of there different fates isnt of a long duration. (QUELLE) Book: Benjamin Button was born in 1860 in a hospital in Baltimore. But not as a baby, he had the mind and appearance of an old man in his 80s. Mr Roger Button, Benjamins father, is member of a eminently respectable family and the president of Roger Button Co., Wholesale Hardware. Because of his high social status he has difficulties accepting his son for who he was. He tries to build up the illusion that his son is in no aspect different from any other person. The times society cared a lot for conformity and therefore had very little tolerance for this curious case of Benjamin Button. Benjamin still lives a very full live just in a different kind of way. He ages backwards at the same rate as everybody else is getting older. In 1880 Benjamin Button is twenty years old (but appears approximately 50) and meets and falls in love with Hildergarde the beautiful daughter of General Moncrief. Hildegarde turns out to be attracted to older men and six month later against all moral standards becaus e of their great age difference the get married and even have a son called Roscoe. While Benjamin is getting younger Hildegarde is getting older, and he soon looses interest in her à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾He wondered what possible fascination she had ever exercised over him.(p.37) Benjamin goes off to fight in the Spanish American War, as he returns home he appears about the same age as his own son, Roscoe. Growing younger everyday he attends Harvard University at the age of 18. After Benjamin graduates he is young enough to go to prep school, until he ends up beeing playmates with Roscoes son. Without being able to stop the reversed ageing process he goes to kindergarden until he finally is even too young for that. As he grows younger and younger he looses the memory of his entire past life until ..it was all dark(p.52) While the plotline is a complete different one when comparing book and film, there are however obstacles Benjamin Button has to overcome during his lifetime. In the book mainly because of the nonacceptance of society and in the movie because of II b ; One main theme in the book is how a new born baby, physically and mentally in his 80s, is accepted into society. In the short story, which plays in 1860(first few lines), Benjamin is born in the hospital and right from the beginning one can see how Benjamin is considered to be beneath social standards of that time. When Mr Button arrives at the hospital, the doctor even worries about his own reputation : Do you imagine a case like this will help my professional reputation? One more would ruin meruin anybody. (Page 4). Mr Button still unsuspecting of what happened has to realize, that the doctor who brought himself into the world and had been the family ´s physician for over 40 years, has no interest in seeing any of the Buttons ever again as he makes clear by saying : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Im through with you! I dont want to see you or any of your relatives ever again! Good-bye! (Page 4) It is not only the doctor who is upset and hostile. It seems like the whole hospital is worried because of this unusual event.. The hospital will never regain its flawless reputation after-(Page 6) complaint the nurse seconds before she showed Mr Button the way to his new born child. The fact that his new born baby actually is an old man outrages Mr. Button to a degree, that he even calls his own son an imposter and lier (page 8). This shows very well how the society back then reacts to phenomenons which do not fit their norms and believes. From this moment on, Roger Button does everything in his power to threat Benjamin appropriate to his age. He wants to keep the old age of Benjamin a secret and even thinks further what the best solution would be to do so. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾If, say, he could only find a very large boys suit, he might cut off that long and awful beard, dye the white hair brown, and thus manage to conceal the worst, and to retain something of his own self-respect not to mention his position in Baltimore society . Roger Button is determined to keep his illusion alive and deny the obvious which is made very clear by the following words :Benjamin was a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾baby, and a baby he should remain(page 15) What the mishap would have cost the Buttons and their kinsfolk socially cannot be determined (page 17) But the citys attention is very soon drawn onto other things the outbreak of the Civil War. By the age of twelve Benjamins parents got used to him and even felt that he was not any different from other children. This was the time when Benjamin was not troubled by society because of his appearance. Later in the book though he has once again troubles to find his place in society. This occurs when Benjamin Button who just passed his entrance examination to Yale college is called into the Yale registrars office to receive his schedule. Benjamin cant die his hair before he enters the office and therefore cant hide his elderly appearance. The registrar first thought hed be talking to Mr Roger Button. As Benjamin made is case clear and insists on his age of eighteen, once again Benjamin meets with his à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾curse he has to deal with since his birth. The idea! the registrar shouted. A man of your age trying to enter here as a freshman. Eighteen years old, are you? Well,Ill give you eighteen minutes to get out of town. (Page 23) Being unable to gain a proper education at college because of the social inacceptance of his case he starts working for his fathers company Roger Button Co. During this time, Benjamin also starts to mingle with society and meets the daughter of General Moncrief, HildegardeIt whom he marries 6 months later. The story of Benjamins birth is being remembered again but many stories were made up such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Benjamin was really the father of Roger Button, that he was his brother who had been in prison for forty years(page 31) Therefore the real story is forgotten or just so unbelievable that nobody believes it, not even his own wife. Many years Benjamin is able to life a happy life without having to worry about his physical aging process which makes him appear younger by the day, until he comes back from the Civil War to his wife and has to face that his ever younger appearance drives his wife nuts, she honestly believes its his way of annoying her and she is in the illusion that he could stop his aging process any time he wants. But, Hildegarde, I cant help it. You can too. Youre simply stubborn. You think you dont want to be like any one else. (page 37) After that point, the gab between them begins to widen. Benjamin keeps getting younger until he is a young boy. He receives a letter from the army asking him, since he served as an officer with a higher rank during the Spanish-American War to go back into service. He sees this as an opportunity to go back in time and do the duty he once enjoyed so much. Again society does not comply with his intentions. He arrives at the headquarters where he is turned down and sent home considered a little boy who wanted to play soldier. This also is the last conflict concerning the aspect of society and Benjams process of becoming younger. From that moment on Benjamin continues living his life backwards going back to kindergarden then under a nanny ´s custody getting younger and younger until hes finally gone. The skit of Benjamin Button is that the need for social self-preservation plays such a big role,that it blinds everyone from seeing Benjamins fate for what it is, and for accepting him for the person he is. Fitzgerald criticizes the community of the upper class whos reputation mainly is secured throughout conformity and their status is determend by their wealth. The social aspect or concerns about someone ´s reputation and how its influencing the book however is almost absent in the whole movie. In the film, Benjamin appears like a child, but his appearance still is so shocking to Mr. Button (PHOTO) that he grabs the baby wanting to get rid of him. It seems like he even attempts to throw the little baby into the river. (9:57) The appearance of a police officer stops that thought and he leaves Benjamin with 18 Dollars on the steps leading to a New Orleans boardinghouse for the elderly , the Nolan House (QUELLE), where Queenie, takes him in and raises him like he was her own child, hes accepted right away. There is no hint in the movie that Mr Button gave his son away for any other reason than his outer appearance .Mr Button:I thought you were a monster (1:43:23) c; In the movie, Benjamin Button has to overcome several obstacles linked to his reversed aging process such as witnessing people constantly dying in front of his eyes during his earlier time in the Nolan House, where à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾death was a common visitor. (25:03) When Benjamin talks about his process about getting younger with one of the residents living in the Nolan House. Its made pretty clear by the words of the resident what heavy burden he has to carry upon his shoulders. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Well I feel sorry for you, you have to see everybody you love die before you do, its an aweful responsibility(52:47). In the movie theres a love story which helps to understand what it means to live a life backwards like Benjamin does. He meets Daisy who is the grandchild of Miss Fall and sometimes comes to visit her over the weekends at the Nolan House. Benjamin falls in love with Daisy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ from the first time he saw her (36:47) But her being only 10 and him physically in his 70s and the mentally young age of both makes a romance impossible at least for this moment. It turns out to be a love story which develops slowly, over the course of many decades. At the age of 17, Benjamin goes on a long intense trip on a tugboat. Even though Daisy and Benjamin write each other constantly, many years pass until they meet each other again in the Nolan House in 1945 when Benjamin is 26 years old. Even though Daisy makes strong suggestions to sleep with Benjamin, he turns her down for the reason that she is to be leaving the next morning. This incident though is not important for the aspect which is discussed here. Its mentioned here only for the better understanding of the plotline. However in spring 1962, 19 years later Daisy and Benjamin meet again in New Orleans at the Nolan House where they both fall in love with each other at once. The fact that Daisy is many years older than Benjamin seems to be irrelevant for quite a long time until the reality of his curse pops back into his life. Daisy gets pregnant and Benjamin asks himself the question :How can I be a father when Im heading in the other direction? Even though his wife knows the consequences she gives him words of encouragement and insists that they will somehow make it work. But life doesnt always go according to one ´s wishes, therefore not long after the baby is born Benjamin realizes that his son needs a father and not a playmate. He makes a very tough decision and goes away, leaving his wife and daughter with enough money to live a good life. Giving up the love of his life is probably the biggest obstacle Benjamin has to overcome because of his reversed aging process. SETTING: III a;Charactere In the short story Benjamin is born as an old man apparently about seventy years of age.(p.7) He has almost white hair and a long smoke-colored beard(p.7) Benjamin starts out with a lot of demanding and complaining. Just born and still in the hospital he announces This is a fine place to keep a youngster of quiet tastes. With all this yelling and howling, I havent been able to get a wink of sleep. I asked for something to eat.(p.9) He also doesnt act anything like a baby. When he is alone he secretely smokes cigares and finds more interest in an encyclopedia than in kids ´ toys.(FOOTNOTE) Instead of playing with children of his age he finds more pleasure in sitting and talking to his grandfather. Benjamin occassionally breaks things on purpose to create the illusion beeing a normal baby just to delighten his father. he only did these thing because they were expected of him, and because he was by nature obliging.(p.18) This is also the reason why he dies his hair and shaves his bear d, he tries to please everybody around him even if hes not comfortable with it. Aging backwards for Benjamin means to overcome many obstacles as shown above and still Benjamin always keeps his dignity and never complains about his faith. Benjamin, once he left the hospital, took life as he found it.(p. 17) As Benjamin gets older, or younger for this matter, he turns out to be very intelligent and succesfull in what he does. Not only did he graduate from Havard University but also made his fathers company way more profitable due his new ideas. He also becomes an expert in dancing and great in playing golf. During his army time in the Spanish-American War in 1898 he becomes a lieutenant-colonel. He was slightly wounded, and received a medal. Benjamin also becomes more and more attracted by the gay side of life. He was dancing with the prettiest of the young married women, and chatting with the most popular of the dà ªbutantes.1912 though is a turning point in Benjamins life. His glor y years seem to be over now- as his physical appearance now is the one of a sixteen year old teenager his mental ability grows back as well. And therefore his social status is following the same process, he finds himself much alone, except for the companionship of three or four fifteen-year-old boys in the neighborhood. Now at the end of his life he behaves and thinks the way he was supposed to during his early years. He reads little boys stories and for him now playing with little stripes was the most fascinating game in the world.(p.49). He is a little boy now and he was very happy(p.49) Slowely he starts to forget no token came to him of his brave days at college, of the glittering years when he was flustered the hearts of many girls. And then he remembered nothing. In the movie Benjamin starts his life by looking like a normal baby except for his skin which is heavily wrinkeled, just like the skin of an old person. He cries like any other baby but after a closer examination by the doctor they find out that his health condition is rather in a state which can be found by elderly people than by a newborn child. Details then bookaccommodating Father: In the story Benjamins dad is very present right from the beginning. He is a succesfull man and helds a high position, both social and financial. And therefore is always concered about other peoples opinions of him. He seems to not be very open for things he doesnt understand or he doesnt believe in. Which is shown by his attempt raising his son Benjamin the normal way, which is only made possible through illusions he built for himself to avoid the confrontation with the truth. He has a hard time accepting Benjamin as his son until he gets older which is either because of Benjamins trumendous success with the company (It was mainly due him that the family fortune was doubled chpt. 7) or due to the fact that Benjamin finally appears younger than his dad. In the movie however his name is Thomas Button. He also is the head of a successful Button company, but he doesnt seem too concerned about what other people think about him, he even seems like a man without any scruble by abondoning his son just because of his appearance. Later in the movie it accured that Mr Button is sick and his time on earth is very limited. He wants to make up for everything and regrets his mistakes. He tells Benjamin that he was his father and furthermore tells him that he should never have abondoned him (1:34:37). Though the apolgy was long overdue and what he did unforgivable this small move still makes him a sympathic character at the end. Mother: While in the book the mother is alive there isnt anything else mentioned about her. In the movie however Benjamins biological mother dies giving birth to Benjamin. At her place steps Queenie, his black surrogate mother. This character is very strong and independant, its basically her who runs the whole Nolan House with all its elderly residents. Which also shows how responsible and caring she is. Her joyfull acting and her supportiveness towards Benjamin thouroughout the movie makes her a loveable character.

Essay --

When I was in upper form in secondary school, numbers were a nightmare to me. Additional mathematics was the major reason of this worse thing that could ever happened to me. Until one day, I got offer from MARA Professional College of Beranang to do a Diploma in Accountancy. It is totally a right one as I am able to get pointer 4.0 for every final semester examination. As time passes, I am sure that numbers are major concern but in a positive side now. The most interesting part of doing accounting is the feeling of being able to solve the problems, to get the correct figure and to get the Statement of Financial Position balanced is such a satisfaction for me. My academic achievement have always make me smile and sometimes cry also. For a person who is phobia of numbers, I managed to get excellent result for my final examination. Of course it required a lot of hard works but after all, no pain no gain. Today, I am glad and proud to say that I love accounting. During my college years, I was members of the Students' Representative Council holding the responsibilities of Exco of Arts an...

Disease and Conditions of the Reproductive System

Unit Seven Workbook Assignment Chapter 12: Diseases and Conditions of the Reproductive System Assignment: For each scenario below, outline the appropriate patient teaching you would perform. First, review the â€Å"Guidelines for Patient-Teaching Exercises† found on page iv in the â€Å"Introduction†. 1. SYPHILIS A patient has been diagnosed with syphilis. The practice has printed instructions for patients diagnosed with this condition. The physician has instructed you to provide the patient with the printed information and to review it with her.How do you approach this patient-teaching opportunity? First, I would sit down with the patient and read the printed instructions to the patient. I would emphasize the importance of finishing the coarse of medication, even if the symptoms improve. I would also urge the patient to inform all sexual partners so they can also seek treatment if needed. I would also instruct the patient to avoid all risk factors for STDs. Finally, I would ask the patient if they have any questions. 2. ORCHITIS A young male patient has just been diagnosed with orchitis.The physician requests you provide the patient with the printed information concerning this condition. How do you approach this patient-teaching opportunity? ? First, I would sit down with the patient and read the printed instructions to the patient. I would emphasize the importance of finishing the entire coarse of antibiotics. Suggest comfort measures, such as scrotal support and the use of ice packs. Explain the importance of follow-up appointments for urologic care. Finally, I would ask the patient if they have any questions. 3.PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS) A female patient complains of typical premenstrual syndrome symptoms. The office has printed information for patient teaching about this condition. The physician requests you to provide the information sheets to the patient and review them with her. How do you approach this patient-teaching opportunity? First , I would sit down with the patient and read the printed instructions to the patient. Inform the patient that women benefit from stress-reduction program or counseling to better cope with the symptoms.Assure th patient that 50% of menstruating women experience PMS in some form. Finally, ask the patient if they have any questions. 4. ENDOMETRIOSIS A young female patient has been complaining of intolerable menstrual cramps and other pelvic pain. The diagnosis of endometriosis has been made. The physician has written instructions for this condition. You are instructed to provide the patient with the printed material and review it with her. How do you approach this patient-teaching opportunity? ? First, I would sit down with the patient and read the printed instructions to the patient.I would review with the patient the issues surrounding the disease and that it can progress or even regress over time. Discuss treatment options such as: hormonal contraception or surgery. Also have the pa tient take and finish the prescribed medication. Finally, I would ask the patient if they have any questions. 5. PREECLAMPSIA (TOXEMIA) A pregnant patient has been experiencing elevated blood pressure and sudden weight gain. She has been diagnosed with preeclampsia. The physician has printed instructions for this condition.You are instructed to provide this information to the patient and her family. How do you approach this patient-teaching opportunity? I would teach the patient of early and regular prenatal care to monitor weight, blood pressure, and urinalysis. If the patient is pregnant and is considered at risk for eclampsia, teach the warning signs to report: sudden weight gain, edema, headache, and increased blood pressure. Early signs can be managed to help prevent hospitalization and the onset of complications. Finally, I would ask the patient if they have any questions.

6 WARNING Signs Youre Getting Fired

6 WARNING Signs Youre Getting Fired Afraid you might lose your job? Are you starting to hide from your boss when you see her coming? Rather than live in fear, why not confront the situation and consider the following 6 warning signs you’re getting fired? That way you could maybe even do something about it and avoid the inevitable. You could try to turn things around at your current company or start looking for a new job while you still have the safety net of a paycheck. Here are the top 6 warning signs you’re getting fired:1. Role shiftYour job has changed, and not for the better. If your role suddenly shifts or you’re moved to a different department without explanation, and that move is lateral- i.e. you haven’t been promoted, then you’re probably in the danger zone.2. More responsibilities, same payIf you’ve been given lots more to do, or some more difficult projects, but you haven’t been given a pay bump to go with it, then that probably means you’re absorbing the work of someone who was laid off- or someone they were planning on hiring but didn’t, for whatever reason. It’s never a good sign to be asked to do more without being compensated. Keep your eyes open from here on out.3. The top dogs are jumping shipIf your company’s top performers are bailing and taking jobs elsewhere, then you might do well to follow them. Trust that they best guys know where to go in order to be valued. And ask yourself why you’re not doing the same.4. Your industry is overOkay, maybe not over, but sort of sinking. Your company may be okay, but your industry is experiencing a bit of a lull or lag. Don’t get complacent. Start thinking how your skills and position might translate into other fields and don’t get caught with your pants down.5. Your company has a new strategyThis implies that the old one wasn’t working so well. Try to avoid becoming associated with that old strategy, or risk getting thrown out along with it.6. Your company relocatesAny time a company moves, they jettison a lot of their extra weight and expensive employees. You could be one casualty of their cost-cutting.

Humorous Fathers Day Quotes

Humorous Fathers Day Quotes Looking for humorous quotes about fathers? Here are some funny Fathers Day quotes. These quotes reflect the subtle wit with a touch of sarcasm. Poke your dad with your own brand of humor. What fathers love most is a relaxed holiday in the company of their kids. Your father may seem broody on other days, but with a touch of tender love, watch your dad turn into a giant candy-dispensing, singing and laughing, happy old man. Humor is the best way to reach out. It can soothe hurt feelings, calm tempers, and build strong relationships. Share a joke with your dad and watch his lips curve into a sly smile. Tickle him further with more jokes, quips,  and quotes. Read him funny verses or funny Fathers Day sayings to bring out the chuckles. Once  the floodgates open, you will find a very different father beneath the veil of sobriety. Funny Fathers Day Quotes Red ButtonsNever raise your hand to your kids. It leaves your groin unprotected. Jimmy Piersal, on How to Diaper a BabySpread the diaper in the position of the diamond with you at bat. Then, fold second base down to home and set the baby on the pitchers mound. Put first base and third together, bring up home plate and pin the three together. Of course, in case of rain, you gotta call the game and start all over again. Ernest HemingwayTo be a successful father, theres one absolute rule: when you have a kid, dont look at it for the first two years. Phyllis McGinleyThe thing to remember about fathers is... theyre men. A girl has to keep it in mind: They are dragon-seekers, bent on improbable rescues. Scratch any father, you find someone chock-full of qualms and romantic terrors, believing change is a threat, like your first shoes with heels on, like your first bicycle... John AubreySir Walter, being strangely surprised and put out of his countenance at so great a table, gives his son a damned blow over the face. His son, as rude as he was, would not strike his father, but strikes over the face the gentleman that sat next to him and said, Box about: twill come to my father anon. James BaldwinIf the relationship of father to son could really be reduced to biology, the whole earth would blaze with the glory of fathers and sons. Helen HayesWhen Charles first saw our child Mary, he said all the proper things for a new father. He looked upon the poor little red thing and blurted, Shes more beautiful than the Brooklyn Bridge. Peter De VriesMy father hated radio and he could not wait for television to be invented so that he could hate that too. Robert OrbenLife was a lot simpler when what we honored was father and mother rather than all major credit cards.

Western Carolina University Admission Information

Western Carolina University Admission Information With an acceptance rate of 41%, Western Carolina University is a moderately selective school. Although over half of applicants were not admitted in 2015, the admissions bar isnt painfully high. Successful applicants will generally have standardized test scores and grades that are average or better. To apply, interested students will need to submit an application, high school transcripts, and scores from the SAT or ACT. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): Western Carolina University Acceptance Rate: 41%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for WCU AdmissionsTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 450 / 560SAT Math: 460  / 560SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanSAT score comparison for NC public universitiesSouthern Conference SAT score comparisonACT Composite: 20  / 25ACT English: 19  / 24ACT Math: 18  / 24What these ACT numbers meanACT score comparison for NC public universitiesSouthern Conference ACT score comparison Western Carolina University Description: Western Carolina University is a public university and member of the University of North Carolina system. WCUs 600-acre campus is located in Cullowhee,  North Carolina, about an hour west of Asheville and near the Blue Ridge and Great Smoky Mountains. Undergraduates can choose from about 220 majors and concentrations, and the university takes pride in its small class sizes WCU has a 16  to 1  student / faculty ratio  and an average class size of 19. Professional programs in business, education and criminal justice are both popular and well-regarded. One of the universitys most notable student groups is the Pride of the Mountains Marching Band with its nearly 350 members. On the athletic front, the Western Carolina Catamounts compete in the NCAA Division I  Southern Conference. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 10,805  (9,171 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 45% Male / 55% Female86% Full-time Costs (2016  - 17): Tuition and Fees: $6,737  (in-state); $17,130 (out-of-state)Books: $2,151  (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,516Other Expenses: $2,516Total Cost: $20,920  (in-state); $31,313 (out-of-state) Western Carolina University Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 85%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 70%Loans: 65%Average Amount of AidGrants: $6,282Loans: $5,809 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors: Biology, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Construction Engineering, Criminal Justice, Elementary Education, History, Marketing, Nursing, PsychologyWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 80%Transfer Out Rate: 25%4-Year Graduation Rate: 37%6-Year Graduation Rate: 57% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Baseball, Basketball, Golf, Track and FieldWomens Sports:  Soccer, Tennis, Softball, Volleyball, Track and Field, Basketball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Western Carolina, You May Also Like These Schools: Appalachian State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWingate University: Profile  North Carolina State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGardner-Webb University: Profile  Campbell University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphElon University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUNC - Wilmington: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCoastal Carolina University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMars Hill University: Profile  Clemson University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWake Forest University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Strategic Management - Essay Example m the perspective of business and management therefore lies in its insight on the value of understanding the external environment and gaining constant information about how market behaves. Only those organizations can survive which develop the ability to know about their competition and continue to learn and become knowledge base. Knowledge based organizations make it necessary for themselves to accumulate knowledge and opposite views while at the same time ensure that they continue to develop their own ability to function. (Prusak) It is therefore critical for such organizations to ensure that they adapt best practices however, also retain their original way of doing things. This also suggests that it is critical for firms to continue to develop their core competencies while at the same time continue to focus on acquiring new knowledge and ways of doing things. (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson) This quote therefore is of significant importance in terms of ensuring that the organizations don’t become complacent and continue to evolve themselves. This would require them to acquire new as well as opposing ideas while at the same time continue to retain their ability to

Baseline Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Baseline Exercise - Essay Example Horton Sports. For Haredi College, the video introduces an institution dedicated towards provision of academic studies for students hailing from Haredi community (The Jerusalem Foundation). The college has incorporated a curriculum with subjects that build their students towards a professional career. Apart from graduate degrees, the school also offers MBA degrees for their students. Both groups’ videos introduce the college as specifically meant for provision of education on religious grounds. This means that while studying in this college, the major norms originate from the respective religious beliefs. Further, both have a mission of streamlining their students for future professional careers as evident in the curriculum activities they offer. Even though the two have the same goal, in terms of religious beliefs, the kind of nurturing differs exceptionally. Pensacola College nurtures their students in line with the modern culture while Haredi College, acting as un-orthodox institution, prohibits following the modern secular culture. The issue about dressing code is worth a claim for both institutions. They believe that women and men should have strict dressing the code, especially for the former who are supposed to follow the rules of modest dress. In conclusion, an individual attending these colleges should be ready for strict regulations far from the normal. The Jerusalem Foundation.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Haredi College –  From Education  toWork.†Ã‚  YouTube video,   5:42.  October 14,   2012.   https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEW8vDO7Tfo   (accessed

Busines Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Busines Environment - Essay Example Suppliers refer to the companies that directly sell electric power (About the Electric Industry, 2011). Thus the electric industry in the UK can be understood to perform its functions effectively with the help of these stakeholders and have proved to be efficient over the years. However, with the increasing levels of competition in the industry, it has been found that customers have changed their preferences of suppliers. Also, increasing level of prices have led to the consumers plan for savings and hence cutting down on consumption. Thus in the recent years, the UK energy prices have been found to fall down (About the Electric Industry, 2011). The current study focuses on a PEST analysis of the UK electric power industry and hence determines the recent changes that have occurred. Earlier the electric power industry in the UK was under the control of the Central Electricity Generating Board (CEGB). When CEGB was in control of the electric power in the UK, there was not much competition in the market. There were 12 boards in the regional areas that were in charge of the electricity distribution. Also the prices during this time were lower for the consumers to afford. The system being dependent on thermal generation was responsible for around 70 percent of the total production of electricity. With the process of privatization the controlling board was considered to be privatized. Private ownerships and competitive pricing became parts of the new privatized industry that was created in the year 1990. In the new structure the independence of the generators were limited and central planning was lacking in the development of capacity. The prices for the power supply also increased although for significant power consumers the prices reduced after inflation (Stevens, 1995, pp.52-59). Although the new system have several advantages like reduced labor costs, better customer services, reduced borrowing from government as well as alteration in the business culture,

Review Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review Article - Essay Example The researchers subjected the cadavers’ spines to 20Â º of flexion and 15Â º of extension, then measured intradiscal pressures, along with segmental motion, at the intact C4-C5 and C6-C7 vertebrae of their specimens respectively. Subsequently, they measured these variables on the C5-C6 vertebrae following anterior cervical plating. By performing a paired measures t-test on their measurements of changes in intradiscal pressure and segmental motion, the authors arrived at their results. The research findings demonstrated that intradiscal pressures (the dependent variable) increased considerably during the flexion (the independent variable) imposed upon them. Pressures at the C4-C5 vertebrae increased by roughly 73.2% during the course of this flexion, and at the C4-C5, an increase in pressure of approximately 45.3% was observed. Although intradiscal pressures at adjacent levels increased during pressure, this effect failed to reach significance. Both during extension and flexion, the researchers’ measurements of segmental motion during flexion increased at these adjacent levels. Based on these results, the authors cite substantial intensification of intradiscal pressure and segmental motion at levels adjacent to fusion as primary causes of early disc degeneration and pathology. In part, these measured effects account for one mechanism of early disc degeneration at levels adjacent to cervical spine fusion, which is in line with the author’s hypothesis. Issues relating to a criticism of Eck et al. (2002) fall generally between two categories: (a) potential confounding variables in the design of the experiment, and (b) methodological limitations that may prevent more accurate results. One potential confound in the experiment is the possibility of inconsistency between the cadaver specimens. In the Materials and Methods section, no mention is made of how the cervical spines of these

Research tutoial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research tutoial - Essay Example Research on nursing usually falls mainly into two areas. These are qualitative research and quantitative research. Quantitative research has its basis on the paradigm of logical positivism, and it focuses on outcomes for clients which are measurable (Polit & Beck, 2010). These are generally statistics. On the other hand, qualitative research as its basis on grounded theory, phenomenology and ethnography among others (Polit & Beck, 2010). It takes into consideration of those involved in delivering the nursing care, putting more emphasis on the meaning which it holds for the individual. There are set guidelines, as well as procedures that assist the participants of nursing research to carry out an effective research. Embracement of these guidelines and procedures will help in protecting the participants as they carry out their research, as well as practice. Legal and ethical issues involve the requirements of participants on their daily work. It takes into consideration the protection of dignity with regard to the information publication in the research. Nevertheless, when nurses participate in any research, they have to put up with the society, nursing practices, and science (Sawatzky-Dickson & Clarke, 2008). The main legal and ethical issues during nursing research include informed consent, beneficence, respect for confidentiality and anonymity and respect for privacy. Informed consent is one of the main ethical issues in conducting nursing research. It is one of the means that enhance protection of the right of the patient to autonomy. It involves the ability for determination, with respect to a personal plan (Sawatzky-Dickson & Clarke, 2008). When it comes to beneficence, it includes professional mandate to carry out a significant and effective research for the purpose of serving and promoting the welfare of the constituents. This implies that the nurses should conduct their

CFD Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

CFD Assignment - Coursework Example Please note that the University enforces a penalty of zero percent for work submitted after the published deadline without valid extenuating circumstances (see University student handbook on the portal for details). Intended outcomes – By the end of this coursework, you should be able to: Carry out a CFD simulation using ANSYS Workbench/CFX, demonstrating ability to import geometry, produce a mesh, set up and solve a simulation and effectively post-process results. Evaluate grid-dependency of a solution and demonstrate the process of finding a grid-independent solution. Demonstrate ability to compare CFD results with published experimental data, and critically evaluate results with reference to relevant literature. Recognise capabilities and limitations of a CFD analysis in a particular application. Present results of a CFD analysis clearly and concisely, with appropriate output from CFD-Post. Aim To use ANSYS CFX to simulate the flow around a two-dimensional NACA 642-015 aero foil section at a 5o angle of attack and to assess the accuracy of the simulation. Problem specification It is important to understand the lift and drag characteristics of aerofoil sections when designing devices such as aircraft (wings and tails) or yachts (rudders and keels). Traditionally, foil theory has been used to give performance estimates, along with extensive experimental testing. More recently, CFD has become another possible option when investigating foil performance. In reality, foils exhibit three-dimensional performance, because flow around the tip of the foil affects lift and drag. However, it is useful to determine performance of a two-dimensional foil – that is one that is so long (approaching infinite length) that the effects of flow around the tip are negligible. You are going to use CFD to simulate a 2-d foil, and compare your results to those obtained experimentally in a wind tunnel, detailed in a NACA paper from 1945. Instructions You will not be writin g a formal report for this project. Instead, you will work through this document (using it as a template), adding content and answering questions as instructed. You will then submit the completed document for assessment. Note that answers/images, etc. do not have to fit into the space provided – insert extra space as necessary, but keep answers concise. Carry out the steps as follows: Carry out a basic CFD simulation (named â€Å"Run_1†) of a NACA 642-015 foil noting the following: The foil geometry has been created in SolidWorks for you – the file aerofoil_CW_2011.SLDPRT can be found on the DSGN313 Tulip site under CFD Coursework. The file Aerofoil_Instructions_2011.doc (also on the portal) explains how to modify the geometry parameters using SolidWorks. Note that it is down to you to modify dimensions to set the extents of your domain in all directions, and to set your foil chord and angle of attack – don’t just run with the dimensions given to y ou. Your simulation should be for a 5o angle of attack, and a 24 inch chord length (for comparison against the NACA experimental data). You should run your simulation at a Reynolds number of 6x106. Note that the length scale used in the Reynolds number is the chord length of the airfoil section in the model. Use ‘Water’ as the fluid and assume that the flow is incompressible, steady, isothermal and turbulent. Use the k-? turbulence model. Run_1 should be a coarse, unrefined mesh purely to get your simulation working (you

Review Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Review Article - Essay Example The researchers subjected the cadavers’ spines to 20Â º of flexion and 15Â º of extension, then measured intradiscal pressures, along with segmental motion, at the intact C4-C5 and C6-C7 vertebrae of their specimens respectively. Subsequently, they measured these variables on the C5-C6 vertebrae following anterior cervical plating. By performing a paired measures t-test on their measurements of changes in intradiscal pressure and segmental motion, the authors arrived at their results. The research findings demonstrated that intradiscal pressures (the dependent variable) increased considerably during the flexion (the independent variable) imposed upon them. Pressures at the C4-C5 vertebrae increased by roughly 73.2% during the course of this flexion, and at the C4-C5, an increase in pressure of approximately 45.3% was observed. Although intradiscal pressures at adjacent levels increased during pressure, this effect failed to reach significance. Both during extension and flexion, the researchers’ measurements of segmental motion during flexion increased at these adjacent levels. Based on these results, the authors cite substantial intensification of intradiscal pressure and segmental motion at levels adjacent to fusion as primary causes of early disc degeneration and pathology. In part, these measured effects account for one mechanism of early disc degeneration at levels adjacent to cervical spine fusion, which is in line with the author’s hypothesis. Issues relating to a criticism of Eck et al. (2002) fall generally between two categories: (a) potential confounding variables in the design of the experiment, and (b) methodological limitations that may prevent more accurate results. One potential confound in the experiment is the possibility of inconsistency between the cadaver specimens. In the Materials and Methods section, no mention is made of how the cervical spines of these

CFD Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

CFD Assignment - Coursework Example Please note that the University enforces a penalty of zero percent for work submitted after the published deadline without valid extenuating circumstances (see University student handbook on the portal for details). Intended outcomes – By the end of this coursework, you should be able to: Carry out a CFD simulation using ANSYS Workbench/CFX, demonstrating ability to import geometry, produce a mesh, set up and solve a simulation and effectively post-process results. Evaluate grid-dependency of a solution and demonstrate the process of finding a grid-independent solution. Demonstrate ability to compare CFD results with published experimental data, and critically evaluate results with reference to relevant literature. Recognise capabilities and limitations of a CFD analysis in a particular application. Present results of a CFD analysis clearly and concisely, with appropriate output from CFD-Post. Aim To use ANSYS CFX to simulate the flow around a two-dimensional NACA 642-015 aero foil section at a 5o angle of attack and to assess the accuracy of the simulation. Problem specification It is important to understand the lift and drag characteristics of aerofoil sections when designing devices such as aircraft (wings and tails) or yachts (rudders and keels). Traditionally, foil theory has been used to give performance estimates, along with extensive experimental testing. More recently, CFD has become another possible option when investigating foil performance. In reality, foils exhibit three-dimensional performance, because flow around the tip of the foil affects lift and drag. However, it is useful to determine performance of a two-dimensional foil – that is one that is so long (approaching infinite length) that the effects of flow around the tip are negligible. You are going to use CFD to simulate a 2-d foil, and compare your results to those obtained experimentally in a wind tunnel, detailed in a NACA paper from 1945. Instructions You will not be writin g a formal report for this project. Instead, you will work through this document (using it as a template), adding content and answering questions as instructed. You will then submit the completed document for assessment. Note that answers/images, etc. do not have to fit into the space provided – insert extra space as necessary, but keep answers concise. Carry out the steps as follows: Carry out a basic CFD simulation (named â€Å"Run_1†) of a NACA 642-015 foil noting the following: The foil geometry has been created in SolidWorks for you – the file aerofoil_CW_2011.SLDPRT can be found on the DSGN313 Tulip site under CFD Coursework. The file Aerofoil_Instructions_2011.doc (also on the portal) explains how to modify the geometry parameters using SolidWorks. Note that it is down to you to modify dimensions to set the extents of your domain in all directions, and to set your foil chord and angle of attack – don’t just run with the dimensions given to y ou. Your simulation should be for a 5o angle of attack, and a 24 inch chord length (for comparison against the NACA experimental data). You should run your simulation at a Reynolds number of 6x106. Note that the length scale used in the Reynolds number is the chord length of the airfoil section in the model. Use ‘Water’ as the fluid and assume that the flow is incompressible, steady, isothermal and turbulent. Use the k-? turbulence model. Run_1 should be a coarse, unrefined mesh purely to get your simulation working (you

Current Economic Policy Essay Example for Free

Current Economic Policy Essay From 2006 up to the present, the economy of the United State has been performing great in general. Gross Domestic Product increased by significant rate enough to encourage the foreign investors to invest in the country. Furthermore, more jobs have been created for the labor marker creating huge improvement on the welfare of the workers, thus, increasing their income. Around more than 850,000 jobs has been created in the economy from 2006 up to the present. Energy prices, on the other hand, seem to become worse after oil prices in the international market has been increasing sharply for the past years. Because of the said increase in the prices of oil in the market, it negatively affects the non-energy goods and services since oil is one of the major components of production processes in most of the industries in the economy. Inflation also increased as a consequence of the increasing prices of the commodities in the market due to the rising oil prices. Inflation rate, since 2006, stood high enough to impose panic to the consumers and there is a possibility that the latter might just lower down their spending making. Moreover, the housing industry also made the improvement of the GDP sluggishly and this is the side effect of the massive housing spending of the market in 2005 not to mention that the disposable income of the consumers today is not that high enough as compared to 2005. Although there are certain hindrances on the improvement of GDP or economic improvement of the country, still, the economy manages to offset those costs by the benefits derived from the good market condition of the international market which in turn advance the trade balance of our country. In addition to that, increasing job opportunities makes the depletion in the consumption of the consumers to slow down since income of the workers improves as more job were created in the economy. Furthermore, labor productivity helps the private firms to reinvigorate their profitability and sales volume making the government able to charge higher taxes to be used for financing government projects for the economy. Proposed Economic Stabilization Policy One of the possible way by which the US government could further stabilize the growth of the US economy would be through lower down the tax rate that the government has been charging especially for the multinational corporations. Through cutting down the tax rate of the companies in the market, especially those multinational corporations since it could offset the rising salaries of the laborers due to the high demand for laborers in the market. It was identified that because of the high demand for laborers in the market due to the fast-faced growth of the economy for the past years, the bargaining power of the laborers for higher salaries increased imposing threats for a higher operational costs for the private firms. The improvement of the income of every household could helped the economy revitalized the housing market that is why an increase in the salaries of the laborers is badly needed in the market today. So as not to sacrifice the welfare of the private firms which also contributes largely to the sustainable growth of the economy of the past years, the only option of the government is to lower down the taxes that they are charging from these people. In short, it is the government who would shoulder the burden or the costs of improving the housing industry not to mention that there is a great possibility that disposable income of the consumer group might increase due to the increase in their salaries. For sure, the job losses on the part of the government due to the lack of fund to finance government projects after the taxes being collected to large corporation would be offset by the additional job vacancies being created by the private industry every month in the economy. This only points out that even if this kind of policy would slow down the construction of infrastructures for the public or any government services being offered in the economy is very insignificant as compared to those persons or group of person that will benefits from this kind of policy. Policy Target The said proposed policy would only cover multinational and corporation type of companies for these are the business entities that employs the majority of the worker in the market. Moreover, international branches of the said corporation will also be included in the said proposed policy. For multinational company, tax rate would depend on the level of their profitability and sales volume. Whereas, corporations or those companies that only operate on the US market would have a fixed tax rate just to account their financial capabilities and the amount of labor force that they are utilizing for their operation. Current Use of the Policy Well, so far, President George W. Bush actually advocating the importance of tax cuts in order to protect the interest of the producers or private firms in the market for they are the one who drags the economy towards progress as well as the increase in the salaries of the workers in the economy (Seib, 2007). Moreover, the issue regarding this tax rate reduction becomes more interesting to the presidential candidates and serves as part of their platforms in their campaign. The reason behind the popularity of tax cutting to most of the presidential candidate is due to the fact that this issue encompasses not only the private sector but also the consumer and labor group of which the majority are voters for the up coming election. Although politically driven, there is still a basis for the presidential candidates to propose and support such said kind of policy for the economy, and true enough, tax cutting is being viewed as one of the possible solution for the growth of the US economy to become more sustainable. But then again, after considering those benefits than can be derived from implementing this kind of policy, based also from the tax cutting model of President Bush, there is a little possibility that this would not be implemented in the near future alongside with other economic policies of the government. Potential Problems and Issues Although the consumers and the private firms will be well-off from the shouldering of the government of the costs of high oil prices in the market, still, the insufficient amount of available budget for the coming fiscal period would surely made the provision of government project become sluggish. As most of the economists know, government plays a vital role in maintaining equilibrium condition in the economy like the provision of public goods. These are goods that when provided by the private firms would only caused inefficiencies and ineffectiveness on producing such goods, thus, worsening the welfare of the consumer group. Like for instance, the provision of street lights, it is the government’s responsibility to give its citizens with street light for the security of the latter. By cutting the tax being charge to the corporation, there is a big chance of having insufficient funds for street lighting perhaps, or unfinished roads for a couple of months due to lack of funds and so on and so forth. Tax, on the field of public economics, only causes losses on the societal welfare. It only creates gain for the society if it is being used as a correctional tool to put back the economy into its equilibrium state. Like in the case of negative externality emitters in the economy, the are being charged by higher tax that the usual amount in order to force them to cut down their production or to slow down their operation on the optimal level for the society. The only point here is that, tax cutting would just make the budget deficit problem of the government to become worse assuming that the gains from the performance of the economy will not change that significantly for the next couple of fiscal periods. But since the Federal Reserve predicts that the US economy would still expand for the next period, then, tax cutting will not worsen the budget deficit of the government as what is being expected by some of the government officials.

Celebritys Rights to Privacy

Celebritys Rights to Privacy Do celebrities have rights to privacy? Should their private lives be open to press scrutiny? Please analyse Hello v Douglas, Campbell v MGN Ltd, A v B and Campbell v Frisbee. Please also mention cases that were referred to in the judgements of these cases, and the importance of data protection in answering this question. There is no express common law ‘tort of privacy’ in English law[1]. Rather, there is a generally recognised ‘right’ to privacy. In recent times, there has been much controversy surrounding the issue of privacy, and questions have been raised as to whether or not privacy should be expressly enforceable through the courts. Prior to the HRA 1998, a person could only bring an action against another for breach of confidence, trespass or defamation[2]. Grundberg[3] opines, ‘†¦Freedom of the press is the cornerstone of freedom of speech.’ However, it is the media that have had the biggest role to play in the discussions surrounding the right to privacy. Gibbons suggests that the issue now is deciding how far the interests of the media count against the introduction of a general law. He opines that the concept of privacy ‘†¦is not easy to elucidate and its priority in securing protection over other interests is not self-evident.’[4] Essentially, Gibbons affirms, privacy centres on the individual’s right to restrict the availability of information about him or herself. There have been attempts to pass bills in Parliament with the aim of introducing a statutory tort of privacy, all of which were unsuccessful. Government Committees and Royal Commissions have also recommended against the introduction of such a law on the basis that there would be an ‘unworkable definition of the tort.’[5] The Younger Committee Report on Privacy confirmed that they ‘†¦found privacy to be a concept which means widely different things to different people and changes significantly over relatively short periods. In considering how the courts could handle so ill-defined and unstable a concept, we conclude that privacy is ill-suited to be the subject of long process of definition through the building up of precedents over the years, since the judgements of the past would be an unreliable guide to any current evaluation of privacy.’[6] The absence of such a law was criticised in the case of Kaye v Robertson.[7] Gordon Kaye, an actor, had been in volved in a serious accident and was consequently admitted to hospital. Journalists from the Sunday Sport ignored notices to see a member of staff before visiting Kaye, and subsequently took photographs of him. Medical evidence was submitted, stating that Kaye was not fit to give interviews at that time and had no recollection of ever giving one in the first place. Consequently, Potter, J granted an injunction to prevent publication of the pictures and any accompanying story. Barendt and Hitchens assert that this particular case has been the subject of much analysis in recent times, and cite Professor Markesinis[8] who claimed that, ‘†¦English law, on the whole, compares unfavourably with German law†¦Many aspects of the human personality and privacy are protected by a multitude of existing torts but this means fitting the facts of each case in the pigeon hole of an existing tort†¦it may leave a deserving plaintiff without a remedy.’[9] In October 2000, an express right to privacy finally broke into English law by virtue of the Human Rights Act 1998. The European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Article 8 was incorporated into English law. The Convention stipulates that ‘Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.’ According to Grundberg, the HRA 1998 applies only to government action and not to the actions of private individuals. Furthermore, Article 8 requirements can conflict with the right to freedom of expression, as detailed in Article 10.[10] In Douglas v Hello!, the Douglases and OK Magazine won their case against the publishers of Hello! magazine for breach of confidence. Hello! had published unauthorised photographs of the wedding of Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta Jones, in the full knowledge that OK had an exclusive on the story. In addition to winning their claim for breach of confidence however, the Douglases were also awarded damages under the Data Protection Act 1998 by virtue of the fact that the photographs were deemed to be ‘personal data.’[11] The photographs were said to have been unlawfully processed by Hello!, thereby contravening the requirements of the DPA 1998. Lindsay, J stated that, ‘†¦When a data controller (Hello!) is responsible for the publication of hard copies that reproduce data that has previously been processed by means of equipment operating automatically, the publication forms part of the process and falls within the scope of the Act.’[12] Hello! argued tha t their publication fell within the ‘wide journalism exception’ under s.32 of the DPA 1998, a mechanism that was successfully used against Naomi Campbell in the case of Campbell v MGN Ltd[13] at the Court of Appeal. In this case however, Lindsay, J ruled that unlike the Campbell case, there was ‘†¦no credible evidence that Hello! had the necessary belief that the publication was in the public interest, particularly given that the photographs were obtained by trespassing paparazzo and Hello! knew OK was about to publish a wedding exclusive.[14] He continued to assert, ‘That the public would be interested is not to be confused with their being a public interest.’ Kate Brimsted claims that the first principle of the DPA 1998 requires the processing of data to be fair and lawful. In this case, Lindsay, J held that the principle had been breached by Hello! magazine in that their methods of obtaining the photographs were unfair. The magazine had also failed to comply with the requirements laid out in Schedule 2 of the Act in relation to fair and lawful processing. In the case of Hello v Douglas Lindsay, J referred to the case of Peck v UK[15]. In this case, the European Court of Human Rights held that English law had failed to provide Peck with an effective domestic remedy when CCTV images of him looking apparently suicidal were broadcast. Brimsted argues that in the current climate, the DPA 1998 would provide him with a legal remedy by virtue of the fact that he would be entitled to compensation as he suffered ‘by reason of any contravention’ of the Act by the data controller (the broadcaster). In the case of Campbell v MGN Ltd[16] the Mirror newspaper had ran a cover story with the headline ‘Naomi: I am a Drug Addict,’ accompanied by two pictures – one of Naomi Campbell as a glamorous model, the other of her looking casual in jeans and a baseball cap, over the caption ‘Therapy: Naomi outside meeting.’ The Mirror had exposed Naomi Campbell’s attendance at Narcotics Anonymous. In general, the article was deemed to be supportive and sympathetic, though inaccurate in places. The frequency of her attendance was also exaggerated. Campbell took action against MGN Ltd the day the story was published. The Mirror responded by publishing further stories, though the tone of the articles shifted from sympathetic and supportive to aggressive and demeaning; one headline was simply labelled ‘Pathetic’. In the proceedings, Campbell claimed damages for breach of confidence, and compensation under the Data Protection Act 1998. Morland, J upheld her claim, awarding her approximately  £3,500. MGN Ltd subsequently appealed, and this was upheld. Campbell appealed once again to the House of Lords, though this time her appeal was dismissed on the basis that inter alia, the pictures published by MGN Ltd ‘conveyed no private information beyond that discussed in the article†¦there was nothing undignified or distrait about her appearance.’[17] It is worth noting here the difference between this case and Peck v UK, where Peck’s vulnerable and suicidal appearance was a key factor in the final d ecision. Naomi Campbell was involved in further legal proceedings against her former employee Vanessa Frisbee, in Campbell v Frisbee.[18] The News of the World had published an article about apparent sexual encounters between Campbell and the actor Joseph Fiennes. The story had been provided to the newspaper by Vanessa Frisbee, who had been employed by Campbell to provide ‘management services’. It was a term of Frisbee’s contract that she would keep information about Campbell private, and she entered into a Confidentiality Agreement on the 9th February 2000. Frisbee agreed to abide by a number of clauses; namely however that she would not disclose anything to the media without the prior permission of Campbell. It was appreciated in court that Frisbee owed Campbell a duty of confidence, and that the disclosures she had made were clearly a breach of this confidence. Campbell claimed damages or account of profits arising from the breach of confidence. By way of defence, Frisb ee argued that, through a culmination of mistreatment and assault the contract between herself and Campbell had been repudiated, and, even if the court found that this was not the case, she was entitled to sell the story nevertheless, because there was a public interest. Lightman, J held in this case that confidentiality remained binding in respect of confidential information that the employee or contractor had acquired in the course of his or her service, even if the contract had been repudiated by other means[19]. In the case of A v B, the court was concerned with whether or not to grant an injunction to restrain the publication of private information. This information concerned the sexual relations that A, a married professional footballer, had had with two women – C and D. Lord Woolf stated in this case that any interference with the press had to be justified; under s.12 (4) of the Human Rights Act, the court had to have regard to whether or not it would be in the ‘public interest’ for material to be published. Lord Woolf stressed in this case however that, even if there were no obvious special public interest, this did not mean that the court would be justified in interfering with the freedom of the press; he opined that, ‘†¦where an individual was a public figure he was entitled to have his privacy respected in appropriate circumstances. He should recognise however that he must expect and accept that his actions would be more closely scrutinised by the media. ’[20] Lord Woolf appears to be adhering to the school of thought that suggests celebrities, by virtue of their prominent status within society, should appreciate that their lifestyles and activities will be more carefully monitored by the press than ordinary members of the public. Crone suggests that it is unlikely a claimant will be able to restrain the publication of information about his or her private life unless the information ‘†¦is trivial or already in the public domain†¦there is a clear public interest in the publication involving, for example, the detection or exposure of crimes†¦or the claimant can clearly be compensated in damages because, for example, he is prepared to sell the relevant information about his private life, as was the case in Douglas v Hello!.’[21] In answering the question, ‘Should the lives of celebrities be open to press scrutiny,’ the difficulty lies in deciding which information is of sufficient importance for the public to have a justifiable claim to knowing about it. Gibbons claims that in some cases this is reasonably clear, i.e. if facts about anti-social or harmful practices are private, this does not warrant their continued secrecy, and facts relevant to a politician’s ability to govern are required to be publicly known in the interest of society at large. It appears that celebrities are entitled to object if information is private and there is no public interest in the material being published. There are obvious differences between cases such as Campbell v MGN Ltd, where the claimant did not wish the photographs to be published at all, and Douglas v Hello!, where there objections stemmed from the fact that, while they were willing for photographs to be published, they had agreed an exclusive with a magazine in order to protect their commercial interests. It is also interesting to note that now, while the UK does not benefit from a specific privacy law, adequate redress can now be obtained by virtue of the Data Protection Act 1998, and the protection it offers â€Å"by reason of any contravention† of its provisions. Bibliography Barendt, E., Hitchens, L. Media Law: Cases and Materials (2000) London: Longman Law Series Brimsted, Kate for Hebert Smith Data Protection: a Privacy Law By Any Other Name? 15th April 2003 www.spr-consilio.com Crone, T. Law and the Media (4th Edition) 2002 Oxford: Focal Press Gibbons, T Regualating the Media (1998) London: Sweet Maxwell CASE LAW A v B Plc Another (2003) QB 195 Campbell v Frisbee (2002) EWCA Civ No. 1374 Campbell v MGN Ltd (2002) Kaye v Robertson (1991) FSR 62 Peck v UK (The Times, 3rd February 2003) STATUTORY PROVISIONS Data Protection Act 1998 Human Rights Act 1998 LEGAL WEBSITES www.spr-consilio.com www.hmcourts-service.gov.uk Footnotes [1] Grundberg, P. The ‘New’ Right to Privacy Chapter 8, p.114-130 in Crone, T. Law and the Media (4th Edition) 2002 Oxford: Focal Press [2] Grundberg, P. The ‘New’ Right to Privacy Chapter 8, p.114-130 in Crone, T. Law and the Media (4th Edition) 2002 Oxford: Focal Press [3] Grundberg, P. The ‘New’ Right to Privacy Chapter 8, p.114-130 in Crone, T. Law and the Media (4th Edition) 2002 Oxford: Focal Press [4] Gibbons, T Regualating the Media (1998) London: Sweet Maxwell p.83 [5] Grundberg, P. The ‘New’ Right to Privacy Chapter 8, p.114-130 in Crone, T. Law and the Media (4th Edition) 2002 Oxford: Focal Press [6] Younger Committee Report on Privacy, Cmnd. 5012 (1972) cited in Barendt, E., Hitchens, L. Media Law: Cases and Materials (2000) London: Longman Law Series p.399 [7] Kaye v Robertson (1991) FSR 62 [8] The German Law of Torts (2nd Edition) 1990 p.316 – cited in Barendt, E., Hitchens, L. Media Law: Cases and Materials (2000) London: Longman Law Series p.399 [9] Barendt, E., Hitchens, L. Media Law: Cases and Materials (2000) London: Longman Law Series p.399 [10] Grundberg, P. The ‘New’ Right to Privacy Chapter 8, p.114-130 in Crone, T. Law and the Media (4th Edition) 2002 Oxford: Focal Press [11] Brimsted, Kate for Hebert Smith Data Protection: a Privacy Law By Any Other Name? 15th April 2003 www.spr-consilio.com [12] Lindsay, J Douglas v Hello! Cited in Kate Brimsted for Hebert Smith Data Protection: a Privacy Law By Any Other Name? 15th April 2003 www.spr-consilio.com [13] Campbell v MGN Ltd (2002) [14] Lindsay, J cited in Hebert Smith Data Protection: a Privacy Law By Any Other Name? 15th April 2003 www.spr-consilio.com [15] Peck v UK (The Times, 3rd February 2003) cited by Lindsay, J in Douglas v Hello!, cited in Brimsted, Kate for Hebert Smith Data Protection: a Privacy Law By Any Other Name? 15th April 2003 www.spr-consilio.com [16] Campbell v MGN Ltd (2004) UKHL 22 [17] Campbell v MGN Ltd (2004) UKHL 22 [18] Campbell v Frisbee (2002) EWCA Civ No. 1374 [19] Lightman, J Campbell v Frisbee (2002) EWCA Civ No. 1374 [20] A v B Plc Another (2003) QB 195 [21] Crone, T. Law and the Media (4th Edition) (2002) Oxford: Focal Press

Free Essays - The Need for Capital Punishment :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Essays - The Need for Capital Punishment      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Imagine yourself in a room, 12 feet long by 6 feet wide.   You're sitting on a metal bed bolted to the floor with a thin foam cushion.   The only other things in the room are a table and a chair, a sink and a toilet.   There is no window, only a small faint light on the ceiling.   You spend all of your time in this room, you have no choice.   This is your dining room, your den, your bedroom and your bathroom.   You are allowed to read and write letters in this room.   You cannot entertain guests in this room, you must go somewhere else for that, in a room with a mesh screen for you to sit behind, where you are constantly watched over.   Even though this is your bathroom, it has no shower stall or bathtub, but once a week you are allowed to leave this room to take a shower.   Your days are spent inside this room reading, thinking and worrying.   You aren't in any ordinary room, you're in a cell on death row.   A cell reserved for people who were sentenced to death for committing a crime.   Death could be by firing squad, lethel injection, the gas chamber or electric chair.   Chances are you've been in this room for many years and will be for many more.   Your lawyers have began the lenghthly appeal process.   Once all the appeals have failed, it soon is time, and you will be moved to a holding cell.   There you will be offered your final mean, of your choice.   Your last visitors arrive, first your lawyer, your family members and at last a preist who prays with you.   You take your final glance around the room, as you are lead to another room close by, the execution room. A few prison officials are present to witness your execution.   In a matter of moments it's over.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   You could have been Gary Gilmore, Ted Bundy or Charles Brooks, all famous serial killers.   Maybe you were the first women to die by lethel injection, Marcie Barfield, or the first women to die by the electric chair, Martha Place.   Whoever it was well deserved this punishment, in fact, some readily accepted it in comparison to spending the rest of their lives in a jail cell, but many people who did deserve the death penalty did not recieve it.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In August 1969, seven people died at the hands of a serial killer including eight month pregnant acress Sharon Tate.   This was the result of a

The Anti-Slavery Effort :: Slavery Essays

The Anti-Slavery Effort Slavery in America can be traced as far back as when Europeans began settling the North American continent. The first town established in the New Worlrd was Jamestown in 1607, and the first slave arrived on the continent in 1619. European pioneers that colonized North America brought slaves with them to help settle the new land, work their plantations growing valuable cash crops such as tobacco and sugar, and to cook and clean in their homes. Most people didn't see slavery as a problem at this time because it was quite rare in the New World with only a few wealthy landowners who owned slaves, however, public opinion would be swayed. Abolitionists first started appearing in America at about the time of the American revolution. Opponents of slavery included some of our distinguished Founding Fathers such as Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Paine, and Benjamin Rush, who felt that slavery infringed on the concepts of the Declaration of Independence. Most northern abolitionists were religiiously inspired, such as the Quakers, and felt that slavery was a sin that must rectified immediately. The abolitionist cause was one a moral argument. They felt that the majority of slaves were being treated inhumanely and tortured. This disgust of southern slave-owners compelled a few abolitionists to act out in extreme measures, but the majority used peaceful protest methods. They used different methods to fight for their cause; fanatics went to the utmost of their power in killing the opposition, while others pacively handed out pamphlets and flyers in protest, or participated in the Underground Railroad. One fanatic abolitionist who, in this writer's opinion, just went too far is a man named John Brown. Brown's anti-slavery efforts are most well-known for his raid on the Us weapons arsenal in Harper's Ferry, Virginia, 1859. Brown was born on May 9th 1800 in Torrington, Connecticut, and grew up in Ohio. During his adult life Brown had trouble holding down a steady job due to business reverses and and charges of illegal practices which followed him from the 1820's and on, but by the 1850's he became deeply intertested in the slavery issue. Brown and five of his sons became embroiled in the struggle between proslavery and anti-slavery forces for control of the territorial government in Kansas. By the spring of 1855, Brown had assumed command of local Free-Soil militia. Within a year, proslavery forces had sacked the Free-Soil town of Lawrence, an event that triggered a bloody retaliation by Brown.

Historic Textiles Essay

Man does not live by bread alone is a very popular saying uttered by one of the greatest men who ever walk this planet. And there is much truth to that. Thus man, after working hard in the fields and whatever profession he is engage into, will feel not much satisfaction and there is that continued longing for something else missing in his life. It is at this point that man desire for other things besides the familiar refrain of food, shelter, and clothing. There are those who say that the pursuit for the finer things in life takes the edge off living and so from the time man learns to navigate his way across paths that connect one tribe to another, trade began. And one of those being traded in ancient times is something related to man’s basic need – clothing or textile. In the Middle Ages, Iran’s textile industry reached its golden age under the guidance of the Safavid dynasty. This paper will take a closer look at the textile industry in Persia between the early 16th century and after the demise of the Safavid Dyansty in the early part of the 18th century. In this important period of its history the proponent of this study will examine different aspects of trade, the techniques used in making textile, and the significant designs that made Persia as a very important trading hub during these years. This paper will also examine the role that the textile industry played in the economic wealth of Iran. Background There is that certain quality and charm to affluence. It is therefore easy to understand why everybody wanted to be rich and no one would like to trade places with a poor man. Human nature seeks for comfort as the body craves for water in the searing heat of the desert sun. This is human nature and it best explains why merchants from the East and West in the Middle Ages continue to brave foul weather condition and other hazards associated to trade so long as the exchange of goods and money take place. But when a person reaches a level of domestic comfort, there is that tendency to become more sophisticated. The desire for luxury items kicks in and the well-heeled patrons of fine luxury products will drive their adventurous merchants even to the ends of the earth to acquire what is needed or more appropriately, to get things that are not basic needs but will surely fill a craving for the exotic and for the expensive. In the Middle Ages the Westerners look to the East for items related to a basic need, the need for clothing and these came in the form expensive textiles and for those who can afford it silk will do just fine. There is also the desire for fine Persian rugs or what is also known as carpets. Culture In the Middle Ages, there are two major perspectives in the quest to understand historic textiles. The first one can be seen through the eyes of those who inhabit the Eastern half of the globe. The second can be seen through the eyes of those living in the Western half of the planet. The difference in climate and topography allows for the exchange of goods and precious items, each group needs the other to acquire what they all wanted. For the Easterners living between the periods of the 16th century up to the 18th century, historic textiles of great historic significance are those that are coming from the regions around Asia. The Chinese, Indians, Turks and Persian make this all happen. The historic textiles are used for everyday purpose in this part of the world as clothes, accessories for man and animals and of course as a major household item to take away the dullness of day to day living. These products are also seen as major exports for those who live on the other side. For the Westerners living in the Middle Ages, the said historic textiles that include silk brocades and fine Persian carpets are a source of pride and joy. For them these textile products are exquisite works of art. If people from Persia used the rougher textile from wool in order to produce carpets – for the purpose of using the same as rugs – the Westerners will never agree to allow such expensive items to be trampled by dirty shoes. And so for the Europeans, carpets and fine textile are hung on wall and some used to cover expensive furniture. Safavid Dynasty It is understood that things does not come out from nothing. There is an explanation for the Golden Age of the Persian textile industry and it can be explained in one idea – the Safavid dynasty. An overview of this Persian dynasty will not only explain the origin of the much sought after luxury items but it will also help frame the context as to how the industry was developed from its primitive form into something that impacted the world in the Middle Ages. But it is not also right to give all the credit to the Safavids in terms of the creation of fine Persian carpets and the fine silk fabrics. It must be mentioned that a few centuries earlier it was the Sassanians who laid the foundation for the textile industry. This led Roger Savory to remark that, â€Å"Although the making of carpets is of ancient provenance in Iran, it was the Safavids who elevated a cottage-industry to an activity on a national scale and one which formed an important part of the economy† (1980). But the Sassanians limited success strengthens the argument that it takes more than talent and skill to survive in the dog-eat-dog world of ancient trade, it requires a great leader to set-up a system that will empower the people and encouraged those who have the entrepreneurial spirit to venture into the unknown or simply improve on what they have and in this case it is the ability to make beautiful fabrics. The flowering of Iran’s Golden Age through the able leadership of Shah Abbas I was made possible by the exploits of Abbas ancestor Ismail Safavi in 1501 who made the strategically located Tabriz as the capital of his newly formed state. Ismail brought peace and order while Abbas provided the leadership savvy that would usher in a period of political and military reform as well as of cultural florescence (Yalman, 2002). In the latter part of the 16th century Shah Abbas transferred the capital to Isfahan. During this time carpets and textiles became important export items. These products were not only used by the aristocracy and ordinary people, the same were used to fuel the economy. According to savory the first carpet factory was established in Isfahan and Yalman concurs by saying that these were produced in workshops set up under state patronage in Isfahan and other cities (2002). Historic Textiles As mentioned earlier the origin of the magnificent Persian carpets can be traced to a cottage industry that started a few centuries before the Safavids. Roger Savory provided more details when he wrote: The origins of the Persian carpet industry as we know it today is the tribal rug, women by the women and children of the semi-nomadic tribes, using the wool from their own flocks and natural dyes. The tribal rugs were usually in bright, gay colors, with bold fairly simple designs. They were and are highly individualistic, frequently irregular in shape, and characterized by color changes in the wool caused by the use of different dye batches (1980). Aside from the exquisitely designed but tougher looking carpets the Persians are in possession of fine fabrics and are mostly made of silk. Rudolph Matthee even asserted that not only was Iran a center for manufacturing silk fabrics but the region is also a producer of raw silk (1999). The following lists the three kinds of silken Safavid pieces of cloth: 1. Simple fine silk; 2. Brocade or gold silk; and 3. Silken velvet. Technology According to Carol Bier it is almost impossible to get a detailed and technical description of the intricacies of the Persian textile industry. First of all this is due to the problem of the materials itself, the fabrics are understandably fragile and did not survive the ravages of time. The few that remains are even far removed from the Safavid Dynasty. Historians are even forced to use the surviving paintings made by artists of the Middle Ages to get an a more in-depth understanding of Iran’s Golden Age in textile manufacturing and export industry. But it does not require a rocket scientist to understand that these artists can make alterations and can insert their own interpretations making their artwork a less reliable source of historical facts. As a result of these difficulties, Bier concluded that: The process of drawloom weaving and its technology is not thoroughly understood or documented for these periods. Treatises have yet to be located for fuller documentation of the use of dyes and for the processes of commercial weaving, as well as for the manufacture or embellishment of textiles by other means (e. g. embroidery, applique, crocheting, knitting, felt-making, accessorization) †¦. of innovation, improvements, or other modifications in the technology or its application that may have had an effect upon textile design and patterning (2008). In the same vein Milton Sonday concurs by saying that, â€Å"All too often what survives of a historic fabric is a fragment that is too small to give an impression of what the original looked like. Fragments must, therefore, if possible, be placed within the context of either continuous pattern from one or more fragments, provided one understands the principle upon which such patterns were laid out. Weaving Patterns Even with the scarcity of resources from which historians can draw conclusions, the following addresses the few significant facts that can be gleaned from artifacts and other documents that shed light on the said subject matter. As far as patterns and designs go, it is Milton Sonday that provided the most help. In the words of Sonday, â€Å"The highest achievements of Safavid silk designers and weavers are preserved in a limited number of figured velvet and â€Å"lampas† weaves. Aside from their sumptuous surfaces and monumental patterns, they are ideal for the insights they provide for understanding technology and aesthetics† (2008). This conclusion is part of the a general idea that it is notoriously difficult to differentiate what is uniquely Safavid historic textile as opposed to those coming from other historic textile centers from the Middle East. In fact there is disagreement as to which brocaded plain weave, brocaded satin weaves, float-patterned satin weaves, double cloths and the various metal background truly belongs to the Safavid and not to the Mughals of India. And so it is best to focus on the figured velvet and the â€Å"lampas† weaves to know more about Safavid historic textiles. Sonday pointed out that for the Persian fabrics of this era there can be two traditional patterns. The first one is a continuous pattern with elements of their composition arranged to be repeated endlessly and in all directions. The second major pattern is called the pictorial pattern with elements of its composition is arranged in such a way that it is contained within and related to a top, bottom, and sides (Sonday, 2008). The repeating patterns is achieved using a squared unit in weaving, where its sides are parallel with warps and its top and bottom parallel with wefts. Finally, Sonday made another important discovery, â€Å"A significant feature of Safavid continuous patterns in â€Å"lampas† and velvet weaves is the use of the human figure and narrative subject matter. Motifs are distinguished by clarity of drawing and can be identified as Safavid by the style of motifs such as birds, leaves, trees, flowers. No single motif is overly highlighted in their continuous patterns and there are practically no open spaces† (2008). There in a nutshell one gets the idea of a classic Safavid design. Conclusion It is a wonder to learn of ancient trading systems. It is also an adventure reliving the past when merchants had to be more than businessmen but has to have that adventurous spirit as well to get the best for their demanding clientele. For the gold and silver enriched Europeans there is a desire, in fact a craving for the exotic Middle East products and foremost in their list are fine Persian carpets and exquisite silk fabrics. Iran, the present day name for ancient Persia succeeded in becoming a center for historic textile trade in the Middle Ages because of the work of the Safavid dynasty particularly their greatest leader Shah Abbas. But there is more to Persian carpet and Persial silk brocades aside from the wise management of Abbas. It can be understood by tracing the development of their techniques and design from ancient times and of course the skill and determination of their women and skilled workers who continued to find ways of improving their craft. References Bier, C. (2008). â€Å"Textiles and Society. † In TextileAsARt. com. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www. textileasart. com/woven. htm Carpet. org. (2008). â€Å"Carpet. † Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www. carpet. org /glossary. htm#carpet. Matthee, R. (1999). The Politics of Trade in Safavid iran: Silk for Silver, 1600-1730. New York: Cambridge University Press. Pope, A. U. (2008). â€Å"Masterpieces of Persian Art. † In TextileAsArt. com. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from http://www. textileasart. com/index2. html. Savory, R. (1980). Iran Under the Safavids. New York: Cambridge University. Sonday, M. (2008). â€Å"Patterns and Weaves: Safavid Lampas and Velvet. In TextileAsArt. com. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www. textileasart. com/index2. html. TextileAsArt. com. (2008). â€Å"Antique Textiles, Woven Treasures. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www. textileasart. com/index2. html. Yalman, S. (October 2002). â€Å"The Art of the Safavids before 1600 â€Å". In Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http://www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/safa/hd_safa. htm.